【作者】 罗晖；

【导师】 夏保成；

【作者基本信息】 河南理工大学 ， 安全技术及工程， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 我国正处于社会经济快速发展时期,城市化是社会经济发展的必然结果。改革开放30年来,我国的城市化发展取得了举世瞩目的成果,与此同时,我国城市却也面临着严峻的公共安全形势。一方面,自然灾害、生产事故、公共卫生、社会安全等突发事件频发,另一方面,城市脆弱性不断增强。由此导致的城市大规模人员撤离需要政府花费大量的人力、物力、财力去应对。城市突发公共事件大规模人员撤离行动需要在短时间内动员、撤离危险区域内相当数量的群众,这对城市政府的决策能力、政府各部门之间的配合能力、政府与公众、媒体之间的沟通能力等方面提出了巨大的挑战。目前我国关于人员撤离的研究主要集中在技术层面的撤离模型上,在撤离策略的研究及撤离方案的构建上鲜有成果。本文从公共安全的角度,根据突发公共事件引起的人员撤离的内在要求构建了政府、公众“一体化”的撤离方案,并提出将城市大规模撤离预案作为城市预案体系的组成部分并在城市总体应急预案中予以明确。在这个方案中,根据大规模人员撤离的应对程序不同,将人员撤离过程分为“决策”、“警示”、“撤离”、“避难”、“返回”等5个阶段进行管理;根据管理对象的不同,分为物资管理、信息管理、志愿者管理等。方案还构建了符合我国行政管理系统特征的大规模人员撤离管理组织机构体系。这个机构体系中设立了决策中心、行动部、资源部、信息部,并一一论述了决策中心及其决策支持系统的构成和运行机制,信息部的作用和运行模式,行动部的构成和基本职责,资源部的功能、职责和运行模式等问题。最后对绵阳市大规模人员撤离方案及其撤离行动的实践进行了实例分析和反思,从实践角度证实了方案的可行性。更多还原

【Abstract】 China is now in the period of the rapid social economic development, which inevitably results in urbanization. Since China’s reform and opening policy started 30 years ago, the development of urbanization has made remarkable achievement, whereas the situation that public emergencies have effected on the cities has been more and more serious the at the same time. For one thing, emergencies such as natural disasters, industry accidents, public sanitation and social safety happen continually, for another, the vulnerability of cities enhances constantly. Therefore, large-scale evacuations which result from these emergencies need the government rely with a mass of vigor,manpower, and financial ability. It is necessary to mobilize a rather number of people in the hazard areas during short time in the large-scale evacuation in the city public emergencies, which challenges the decision-making of the local government, the cooperation between sections of the government, and the ability of the government to communicate with the public and the medium. The current research on evacuation in China focuses on the technical evacuation model, but there are few researches on evacuation strategy and scheme. In the view of public safety, an evacuation scheme of an integration of the government and the public was established according to the intrinsic requirement of public emergency evacuation, and a view that the preplan of city large-scale evacuation should be a part of the system of city preplans and should be definite in the general emergency preplan of the city was brought forward then. In this scheme, the process of the evacuation is divided into five periods, decision to evacuate, warning, withdrawal, shelter, and return, according to the different procedures of different varieties of large-scale evacuation, while according to the different objects of the management, the evacuation is divided into management of materials, information, and volunteers. A system of mechanism of the large-scale evacuation management organization, according with the characteristics of the administrative bureau system in China, was also established. In this system of mechanism, five sections, i.e., decision center, operation section, resources section, and information section, are set up. Moreover, the composing of the decision center and the supporting system of decision-making and their operation mechanisms, the function of the information section, the composing of the action section and its basic responsibilities, and the function and responsibilities of the resources section and its operation mode are discussed. Finally, the large-scale evacuation scheme in Mianyang and its practical result as a typical example is analyzed, confirmed its feasibility in the view of practice.更多还原