越南学生汉语结构助词“的”字使用偏误考察

【作者】 陈福生；

【导师】 孙德金；

【作者基本信息】 北京语言大学 ， 课程与教学论， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 汉语结构助词“的”在越南语也有对应的结构助词。这里的对应不是一对一的对应。有时候,汉语定语和中心语之间有“的”字,越南语也有不同的对应结构助词,例如:“c(?)a”、“ma”、“b(?)ng”、“(?)”、“(?)”;有时候,汉语定语和中心语之间有“的”字,越南语却没有对应的结构助词。本文只汉语单项定语和中心语之间有“的”字而越南语没有地一些结构进行偏误考察研究。本文采用横向研究方法,通过问卷测试形式对越南学生汉语结构助词“的”字使用的情况进行定量研究。首先我们进行汉语和越南语结构助词的对比。经过对比,我们发现并证明了“cho”、“do”、“voi”、“v(?)”不像越南语其他结构助词“c(?)a”、“ma”、“b(?)ng”、“(?)”、“(?)”,这些词完全可以用来作为调查的对象。最后,我们选出汉语八类具有代表性的定中结构作为拟调查结构。通过问卷测试形式对初级、中级、高级三个学习等级的120名越南学生各类“定语+的+中心语”结构“的”字使用的情况进行定量研究和分析,我们得出了8类结构的习得难度等级。针对被试在问卷中的真实语言表现,我们从句法和语义角度进行偏误分析,并对这两类偏误在各个定中结构的表现形式做出具体的分析。结合汉语和越南语结构助词的对比,我们认为母语的负迁移在很大程度上干扰了越南学生习得汉语结构助词“的”。此外,越南语结构助词“cho”、“do”、“voi”、“v(?)”与汉语对应的“介词…的…”结构的复杂程度也是影响越南学生习得汉语结构助词“的”的重要因素。基于偏误分析的结果,我们对越南学生汉语结构助词“的”的习得提出几点教学建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 Chinese structural particle "的" has its equivalent Vietnamese structural particle. But it’s not one-to-one correspondence.Sometimes,there is participle "的" between Chinese atribute and qualified word,and it’s also the same in Vietnamese language such as:"c(?)a"、"ma"、"b(?)ng"、"(?)"、"(?)".However,in some situation, the participle "的" between Chinese atribute and quilified word,but there is not such corresponding in Vietnamese structural particle.My thesis concentrates to the Error Analysis and research in the below conditions in which there is "的" between the atribute and qualified word in Chinese language but there is not,however,such corresponding structure particle Vietnamese language.My thesis uses the way of the Cross-sectional approach,and also does quantitative research by some questionaire tests for Vietnamese students about the structure atributes "的" in Chinese language.Firstly,we compare Chinese structural atribute with Vietnamese structural atribute,and then we find out and proving that the participles "cho"、"do"、"v(?)i"、"v(?)" are not the same "c(?)a"、"ma"、"b(?)ng"、"(?)"、"(?)",the former ones can be taken completely to be research subjects.Finally,we choose 8 representive types of atribute-de-qualified word structures to do research.We give a questionnaire test to 120 persons in many level from primary to high level with the purpose to do quantitative research and analysis about the mode of occupation of "的" in the structure of atribute-de-quilified word,we obtained eight categories of structures of acquisition difficulty level.Through the results of questionnarie tests,we will study and using Error Analysis way,and at last we get two kinds of error analysis,they are syntax error and semantic error;besides,we also do the specific study about the two error analysises’ presentations in each atribute -de-quilified word structure.Combining with the contrasts between the Chinese structural auxiliary words and Vietnamese stuctural auxiliary words,we consider that mother language’s negative transfer disturbs,in a great extent,the Vietnamese language of their study about the Chinese language structure auxiliary word "的",and the other disturbing factor that interfere Vietnamese students’s study of Chinese structure auxiliary "的" is the complexities of both Vietnamese language structure auxiliary words "cho"、"do"、"v(?)i "、"v(?)"and their equivalent structure"介词…的…"in Chinese language.Based on the structure of error analysis,we can suggest some method teaching about Vietnamese and Chinese language auxiliary word "的".更多还原