【作者】 杨江澜；

【导师】 王金营；

【作者基本信息】 河北大学 ， 人口、资源与环境经济学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 人口、资源与环境可持续发展是当前国内外比较关注的一个问题。无论国家与个人都认识到人口、资源与环境的和谐,经济发展的持续快速,社会生活的有序民主,等等问题成为关乎国家、民族与人类生死存亡的大事。它作为一个宏大的系统工程,涉及到社会经济系统与生态环境系统的协调、统一；又包括代际内与代际间的公平与效率。在一定时期,一定区域内,实现可持续发展就是使人类的社会生产、经济活动达到帕累托最优,或者是帕累托次优,至少是第三优；使后代人福利水平超过当代人,起码是不应该降低。本文旨在分析当前社会经济发展过程中存在的非持续性问题,如代际间的不公平、资源环境消费的外部性、资源环境定价问题等。通过对这些问题的分析总结出可持续发展与传统发展模式的特征差异等。在这些问题的解决中,市场机制或非政府组织存在着失灵。如何才能实现可持续发展的问题,不仅要求技术的创新,生产工艺的改进,更重要的是制度的合理安排,包括经济制度,法律制度,政府政策等方方面面的合理安排,从生产方式、分配方式、交换以及消费方式等方面全面改善当前的社会生产经济活动等,以使资源永续利用,生态环境得以保护。在此过程中,保护生态,解决环境污染问题,提高生活质量是实现人类可持续发展的关键环节。本文主要是通过以下几方面的论述,为政府发挥作用的机制提供思量。1、通过对政府作用机制的讨论,明晰其在人口、资源与环境可持续发展中的权限与职责,揭示政府在社会经济可持续发展中的作用。2、设计合理的税收制度,行政管理制度等为政府作用的有效发挥提供政策参考。最后,在实现可持续发展过程中,加强政府作用,一方面要求政府作用定位要准,针对于市场不足或存在的缺陷；另一方面,要合理利用税收、财政支出安排等政策,掌握好税率、公共消费比例与公共投资比例间的关系。更多还原

【Abstract】 The sustainable development of population, resource and environment is a problem that we pay attention to very much. All nations and person know the importance of the harmony of population, resources and environment; the sustainable and fast economic development; the democracy of social activities, etc. It is a great system engineering, involving to the coordination and unifying of the social economic system and the ecosystem environment system; the equity and the efficiency among overlapping generation.At certain period and inside certain district, the realization of sustainable development is to make social production, the economic activities be Pareto optimality, or Pareto superiority, at least the third. The welfare level in the future exceed a contemporary person’s, at least is shouldn’t lower.This paper aims at the un-sustainable problem in social economy development, such as the inequity between overlapping generations, the externality of the consumption to resources and environment, the price of resources and environment. We get to know the characteristic difference between traditional development and sustainable development.Resolving these problems, there exist market and non-government failure. How to carry out sustainable development, we request not only technical innovation, but the reasonable arrangement of the mechanism at the most, include economic system, the law system, the government policy, etc. In this process, the protection of ecosystem, the resolution of the environment pollution problem, raising the living quality is the key that carries out mankind to sustainable development.At last, in order to carry out sustainable development, we must strengthen the government function. One, it aims at market failure; on the other hand, pays attention to the relation of tax rate, the ratio of public consume and public investment.更多还原