【作者】 高方君；

【导师】 吕季东；

【作者基本信息】 上海体育学院 ， 体育教育训练学， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 程序化参赛的雏形出现于20世纪80年代末90年代初,当时的中国射击队在比赛前总是要按照要求制定详尽的运动员个性化参赛方案,并在比赛过程中贯彻执行,在各类世界大赛中取得了辉煌战绩。近年来,我国体育工作者通过对比赛的规律和特征进行初步的归纳和总结,正式提出了程序化参赛模式。实践证明,程序化参赛是一种新型有效的参赛模式。例如,2006年都灵冬奥会时程序化参赛的方法在各个雪上项目中推广使用,获得了良好的效果;2008年北京奥运会上,以拳击为代表的诸多运动项目全面执行程序化参赛,51金、21银、28铜的辉煌战绩使我国再次跻身世界竞技体育强国第一集团的行列。但现阶段,对于程序化参赛的理论研究还处于起步阶段,从理论层面上对程序化参赛基本内容、流程设计和过程控制进行的研究几乎为空白,竞技体育比赛中的大量实践案例还有待于进行理论抽象和概括。本文采用文献资料法、专家访谈法、逻辑分析法和案例分析法,借鉴系统科学原理,参考拳击和跆拳道项目国家队2008年奥运会程序化参赛方案和拳击项目2007年世界锦标赛程序化参赛方案,从程序化参赛的理论基础、定义、基本内容、流程设计和过程控制等方面着手进行理论研究,得出以下结论:1、首次对程序化参赛的理论基础进行探析,认为程序化参赛是以系统论、控制论和信息论为基础的。2、程序化参赛的定义可以表述为将赛前、赛中和赛后三个阶段合并为一个整体,按照时间的先后顺序为每个阶段制定详细科学的程序,教练员、运动员、科研人员等其他相关人员依此程序完成备战和比赛的过程。关于程序化参赛方案所应覆盖的时间长度可根据项目自身特点、近期的赛事安排和比赛时间等因素来确定。3、程序化参赛的过程控制应当按照赛前、赛中和赛后三个阶段来处理,对任何一个阶段实施控制都必须重视来自运动员自身的反馈信息。4、视具体的运动项目,程序化参赛的基本内容大致包括参赛基本概况、指导思想和基本方针、参赛目标、组织体系与职责、参赛形势分析、运动员参赛具体方案、保障方案和赛后信息反馈等。5、程序化参赛方案的流程设计分为以下几步:第一,确立参赛组织体系和各自的职责;第二,根据运动项目的实际情况制定参赛目标和指导思想、基本方针;备战团队的成员分别制定出参赛具体方案、参保障方案和赛后信息反馈方案。6、应根据以下要求来制定程序化参赛方案:第一,方案制定时必须有组织管理机构、教练员、运动员和其他相关人员的共同参与;第二,制定每一个内容时都应围绕项目特征、项目制胜规律和比赛的客观实际;第三,方案应符合运动员的个体特点;第四,方案的文字表述应尽量做到逻辑清晰简单易懂。更多还原

【Abstract】 The prototype of the participating procedure appeared in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Before the competition, Chinese shooting team always made personal participation plans for athletes according to the requests. Then they obtained the magnificent success in each kind of world game because the plans were carried out in the competition process. In recent years, physical education workers summed up competition’s rule and characteristic and proposed the pattern of participating sport competition by procedure which was proved to be a new and effective one. For example, in 2006 Turin Winter Olympic Games, the pattern of participating sport competition by procedure was used in various snow projects and had made good progress. In 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, many movement projects such as boxing carried out the pattern roundly and the result was we Chinese regiment got 51 gold medals, 21 silver medals and 28 bronze medals.But now, the research on the theory of participating sport competition by procedure is still in the early stage. Almost nobody has investigated the basic content, the course designing and controlling. There are so many cases of sports are waiting to be gathered up theoretically. In this discourse, we use the system of scientific principles and methods of literature, expert interview, logical analysis and case analyzing. We also study the procedural schemes of boxing and taekwondo which were prepared for 2008 Beijing Olympic Games and the procedural schemes of boxing which were prepared for 2007 world championships. Here are the conclusions based on the theories of basic content, course designing and controlling:1、We investigated the theoretical basis of participating sport competition by procedure for the first time. And system theory, cybernetics and information theory are believed to be the theoretical basis of it.2、Here is the definition of participating sport competition by procedure: We constitute the procedure of pre-match, match and after-match for coaches, athletes, scientific researchers and other people in the team to prepare for and take part in the sport competition. According to the characteristic of project and the time of the competition, we can make certain the time length of the scheme.3、The phases of pre-match, match and after-match will be controlled separately. At the same time, we should attach importance to the information which is feed back from the athletes.4、The general situation of competition, guiding principle and basic policy, participative goal, organization system and responsibility, participation formal parsing, participative concrete plans, safeguard plans and information feedback are included in the basic content of participating sport competition by procedure.5、The course should be designed according to the following step: First, confirming the participation organization system and respective responsibility. Second, the participative goal, principle and basic policy will be set down. Third, the members of the team should set down the participative concrete plans, safeguard plans and information feedback.6、Here are the request of formulating the scheme: First, management organization, coaches, athletes, scientific researchers and other people in the team should be fellowship. Second, the scheme should be formulated according to the characteristics of sport, subduing rules and the competition reality. Third, the scheme should conform to athletes’ individual characteristics. Fourth, the words of the scheme should be simple enough to be understood.更多还原