可拓工程方法在鹰瑞高速公路地灾危险性评估中的应用

【作者】 于淑萍；

【导师】 黄长生；

【作者基本信息】 江西理工大学 ， 防灾减灾工程及防护工程， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 目前在高速公路地质灾害危险性评价中较常用的方法有灰色系统理论方法、地理信息系统方法、信息量法、层次分析法、模糊数学方法、神经网络方法、工程地质分析法等,但这些方法在实际运用过程中却不很尽如人意。比如信息量法、层次分析法和模糊数学的方法,对各参数如何分配权重或确定隶属度等问题有人为因素的参与,有欠客观性、科学性。基于可拓学理论的可拓工程方法与各个领域的专业知识相结合,可以解决原有方法未能解决的问题,或提出比原有方法更好的解决方法。本文将可拓学理论与高速公路地质灾害危险性评价结合,在物元理论、可拓集合论和关联函数运算的基础上,建立了高速公路地质灾害危险性评价的可拓学模型。在掌握研究区岩土工程地质特征和地质灾害类型的基础上,确定历史灾害分布密度、历史灾害规模等12个影响地质灾害危险性的因素作为评价指标。将评估区划分为61个单元,按地质灾害危险性大、中、小三级危险性分级标准,通过工程建设适宜性等级的关联度的计算,对各单元进行地质灾害危险性可拓综合评估。在建立可拓学模型的基础上,本文实现了可拓学评价的计算机程序化,利用javascript+html语言编制了可拓学评价程序,使评估单元计算更加简单、准确、快捷,得到了定量评价结果,并绘制了对研究区的区划与工程建设具有参考意义的危险性分区图。最后,得到了可拓学在高速公路地质灾害危险性评估中应用的总结和讨论:1、本文将可拓学应用在鹰潭至瑞金高速公路地质灾害危险性评价之中,建立了地质灾害危险性评价的可拓学模型并进行了研究区建设用地适宜性评价,评价结果和在本项目中得到实施并取得较好效果的工程地质分析评价方法的结果基本吻合,局部稍有差异。可知可拓学评价方法在高速公路地质灾害危险性评价中的应用是基本可行的。2、本文利用javascript+html编制了可拓学评价程序,并在该研究区建设用地适宜性评价之中进行应用,简化了计算过程。3、可拓学评价方法,不仅能从多角度、多因素出发,选取的评价参数种类和数量均不受限制,具有适用于不同区域的具体特点,而且能最大限度的合理利用地质调查的成果,克服以往固定因素评价的弊端,使评价更切合实际。但是由于本人基础资料、相关研究成果和研究经验的缺乏,在实例中对于关联度与参数指标的选取的关系方面尚待进一步研究。4、本文将可拓学方法与高速公路地质灾害危险性评价相结合,拓展了可拓理论的应用领域,同时也为地质灾害危险性评估增添了新的方法。5、本论文对可拓工程评价分区的问题,由于多方面的因素及搜集数据的限制,选取五公里的长度有些粗略,在研究中不能得到较精确的评价结果,以后的研究在评价单元长度划分上有待进一步细化,以便得到更精确的评价结果用于实际应用中。6、论文对地质灾害危险性量化评估进行了探索,可拓工程方法是实现地质灾害危险性评价的定量化方法之一。更多还原

【Abstract】 At present the the commonly used method of highway geologic hazard assessment are the approach of gray system theory, approach of geographic information systems, informational method, analytic hierarchy process, fuzzy mathematics, neural network methods, but the practical application of these methods in the process is not very satisfied. Such as gray system theory approach, due to lacking of clear characteristics exists ambiguity; geographic information system’s application of powerful spatial analysis capabilities due to some limitations, there are still poor in operability and applicability. The informational method, AHP and fuzzy mathematics method, on distributing the weight or determining the degree there are Artificial factor existing, lacking objectivity and scientific nature;neural network method can overcome the human factors involved, But the close relationship between training process and the length of time to the knowledge machine and the compatibility between the parameters in evaluation system. Therefore,there is no fitness due to the high Selection to evaluational index system. Extension engineering method which based on Extension Theory combineing with various areas of expertise can solve the problem that the original method does not or propose a better approach than the original solution.This text made the extenics theory and risk assessment of geological disasters in highway and set up the Geological Hazard Evaluational Extenics model based on the matter-element theory, extension set theory and correlation functions of computing. Distributional density, scale of historical disaster, distribution density of faults, peak acceleration of ground motion,the nature and structure of rock and soil, terrainal elevation difference, slope, the average annual rainfall in years, development of river valley, forest (vegetation) cover, the activity level of karst collapse and the impact of human activities,the 12 geological disasters risk factors are decided in mastering the geotechnical engineering geological characteristics and types of geological disasters in study area . the assessment was divided into 61 units according to the risk grading standards for the evaluation index which owes large, medium and small three division in risk of geological disasters.This text realized the computer programs in Extenics evaluation based on establishment of Extenics, using javascript + html language developed extenics evaluation process, so that calculations are more simple, accurate, fast,geting quantitative evaluation and drawing on the study area zoning and construction are useful in the risk of zoning plans.In the establishment of Extenics Based on the model, this paper realized Extenics evaluation of computer programs, using javascript + html language developed extenics evaluation process, so that assessment unit calculations are more simple, accurate, fast, quantitative evaluation has been results and drawing on the study area zoning and construction are useful in the risk of zoning plans.Finally,I got the summary and discussion of Extenics application in risk assessment of geological disasters:1, This text applied Extenics to highway assessment of geological hazards in Yingtan to Ruijin and established risk assessment of geological hazards extenics model, carring out suitability evaluation in study area. Results of evaluation were basically consistent with engineering geological analysis and evaluational methods in this project which has been implemented and achieved good results, just slightly different. We can see Extenics evaluation method is a fundamental feasible on the highway Geological Hazard Assessment.2, In this text, javascript + html was used to preparated extenics evaluation procedures and applied in construction land suitability evaluation in the study, which simplify the calculation process.3, Extenics evaluation method, not only can select unrestricted type and quantity of the evaluation parameters from multi-angle, multi-factor starting, having applied to the specific characteristics of different regions, but also can use geological survey results to maximize rationally. Overcoming the the drawbacks of the previous evaluation to the fixed factors, so that is a more realistic assessment. However, due to the lack of my basic information, relevant research results and research experience , parameters for the selection of indicators for the relationship will be further studied in the instances.4, This text expand the application of the theory in extension fields when the combing of Extenics methods and risk assessment of geological disasters highway, but also added a new method for risk assessment of geological disasters.5. Due to a number of factors and collection of data limitations,there are some rough in selecting five kilometers when I used the partition extension engineering problems in evaluation,there is no accurate evaluation in the study, in future research the evaluation unit length need to be further refined in order to obtain a more accurate evaluation results forpractical application.6.There is some quqntifical geological scourge fatelness quest in the text, thesie Extenics evaluation method is one of the methods in realizing quqntifical geological scourge fatelness quest.更多还原