【作者】 崔佳；

【导师】 孙厚权；

【作者基本信息】 湖北工业大学 ， 政治学理论， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 当今世界科技不断进步,经济结构不断调整,新兴产业不断出现,但食品业依然是永恒不衰的常青产业,食品贸易在世界经济贸易活动中占有重要地位,它与各国人民的生活息息相关。随着我国改革开放的不断深化,我国农产品的国际竞争力不断提升。然而,我国食品生产的整体水平与国外进口标准和要求仍存在较大差距,食品进出口检验检疫体系与食品市场准入体系有待进一步完善。日本、美国、欧盟是当今世界的三个经济发达体,也是和我国贸易往来最频繁的三个国家。他们在各方面的法律法规都相对发达和完善,研究这三个国家的食品法规,能够帮助我国与发达国家更好地进行食品贸易,并且对于我国食品检验检疫法规和市场准入制度的完善有一定的借鉴意义。食品市场准入制度是为保证食品的质量安全,具备规定条件的生产者才允许进行生产经营活动、具备规定条件的食品才允许生产销售的监管制度。因此,实行食品质量安全市场准入制度是一种政府行为,是一项行政许可制度。本文首先对这三个国家关于食品的现行进出口检验检疫法规及市场准入措施和发展趋势进行了分析研究,并通过列举近期我国进出口贸易状况的变化阐述了上述国家的食品检验检疫法规和市场准入制度对我国的影响。然后本文对我国现行的食品进出口检验检疫法规及市场准入制度进行了介绍,其中包括食品卫生法、进出口商品检验法、进出境动植物检疫法、国境卫生检疫法、食品安全法(草案),以及食品市场准入条件和违规的部分处罚规定。最后将我国与主要贸易国家的现行的食品检验检疫法规与市场准入制度进行了比较分析,并提出了完善我国进出口食品法规和市场准入制度的几点建议。同时,食品安全是影响食品贸易问题的重要因素,因此本文对食品安全预警与快速反应系统进行了相关介绍及分析,食品安全预警系统是食品安全控制体系不可或缺的内容,是实现食品安全控制管理的有效手段。食品安全预警通过指标体系的运用来解析各种食品安全状态、食品风险和突变等现象,揭示食品安全的内在发展机制、成因背景、表现方式和预防控制措施,从而最大限度地减少灾害效应,维护社会的可持续发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the technological advancement and the adjustment of industrial structure in the world today, many rising industries are coming up. Facing so intensive competition from all around industries, but food industry is still an evergreen one. Food trade occupies an important berth in the world trade activities which is closely interrelated to our lives. Recently, along with the constant deepening of reformation and opening in our country, the international competition capability for farm products has been strengthened. However, there is still a great gap between the overall levels of food production and the standards and requirement of imported food. Food import&export inspection and quarantine system and market administration system still needs a further perfection. Japan, American and EU are three most economically advanced countries in the world today whose Laws and regulations in all industries developed relatively and perfected. To study food products regulations of these three countries attributes our country to carry out food trade with those countries and is referred to the Inspection and Quarantine of food and the improvement of market-access system in China.Market-access system is a monitoring system for carrying out production and operating activities of producer who should have given conditions and for the production & marketing of foods which should have specified conditions. Therefore, the realization of market-access system is an act of government and also is an administrative license system.This article analyzed and studied the Inspection and Quarantine regulations of imported & exported food, market access measures and developing trend in these three countries, and elaborated the influence of the Inspection and Quarantine regulations and market access system in above-mentioned countries by taking the latest state of import and export trade of our country as an example.And then introduced the system of the Inspection and Quarantine regulations of imported & exported food, market access system in our country, including Food Hygiene Law of People’s Republic of China, Law on the Inspection of Import and Export Commodities of the P.C.C., Law on the Quarantine of Animals and Plants Brought into or Taken Out of the Chinese Territory, The Frontier Sanitation and Quarantine Law of the P.C.C. Food Safety Act(draft) and market access requirements of foods and part penalty provision of violation.And last comparatively analyzed the system of the Inspection and Quarantine regulations of imported & exported food, market access system between developed countries and our country of that, and made out a few pieces of advice on improving the Inspection and Quarantine regulations of imported & exported food and market access system of our country. Meanwhile, food safety is a key factor of influencing the foods trade, and the introduction and analysis of food safety precaution and rapid reaction system were also simply made out in this article. Food safety precaution system is an indispensable content of food safety control system and an effective means of food safety control administration. Food safety precaution resolves food safe state of all kinds, food risks and food mutation by applying evaluation index system, which is to reveal the inner development mechanism of food safety, background and cause analysis, manifestation modes and precaution & control actions. Therefore we can reduce hazard effects to the utmost extent and keep sustainable development of the society.更多还原