【作者】 徐俊芳；

【导师】 徐达； 李孟良；

【作者基本信息】 武汉理工大学 ， 车辆工程， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 随着经济的发展和人们生活水平的提高,我国机动车产量和保有量正突飞猛进地增长。调查显示,机动车污染已成为城市空气污染的主要来源之一。由此带来的环境问题和健康隐患也引起了环保部门、政府部门等各界人士的关注。针对机动车污染,世界各国都在积极采取措施,一方面通过制定排放法规,不断严格机动车污染物排放标准;另一方面制定相应政策策略,来降低机动车污染物对环境的影响。那么如何评估这些政策的效果以及对机动车污染状况进行预测?国外开发了一系列的机动车排放因子模型,用来定量计算机动车排放污染物、预测未来一段时期内或者某一特定区域内的排放量,从而为制定合理的政策、措施提供技术支持。国内很多研究机构利用国外的模型分别列出了北京、上海、澳门等地的排放清单,但是到目前为止还没有开发出自己的模型,在排放因子模型数据库方面的研究更是甚少,主要原因之一是数据库的不完整性及其分析方法的欠缺。排放因子模型数据库作为模型的核心部分,是建立模型的基础。因此,本课题基于这一点出发,研究排放因子模型数据库的分析方法,为我国轻型汽车排放因子模型建立打下坚实的基础。本研究通过对国外模型的解析及对影响车辆的排放因素的探讨,分析排放因子模型数据库对数据的需求,从而利用车载测试设备和实验室设备进行试验,获得所需要的试验数据,建立排放因子模型数据库。在此基础上,研究了数据库如何用于排放因子模型。本文研究了国外机动车排放因子模型建立的方法,对影响机动车排放的各个因素进行分析,研究数据库对数据的需求。探讨了建立污染物数据库的方法。在数据库基础上,分析了不同技术类型、不同排放标准、不同行驶里程的轻型汽车的排放差异,并研究了速度、加速度、以及速度、加速度的联合分布和排放的关系。本文还研究了基本排放因子的确定方法,采用聚类统计分析方法获得分车型的零公里排放因子,再用回归分析方法获得车辆在一定里程的劣化率,最后得到不同技术类型的车辆在一定车龄的基本排放因子。通过对不同速度下的排放因子的回归分析,获取速度修正系数。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of economy and the improvement of people’s living standards, China’s vehicle production and holdings are growing by leaps and bounds. There are surveies show that motor vehicle pollution has become a major source of urban air pollution, and the resulting environmental problems and health hazards have also caused environmental protection departments, government departments and other sectors of public’s concern. For motor vehicle pollution ,every country in the world are actively taking measures that on the one hand through the development of emission regulations, to keep tighter emission standards for motor vehicles,and the other hand, by formulating appropriate strategies to reduce the environmental impact of motor vehicle pollutants.Then how to assess the effects of these policies, and predict the vehicle pollution? A series of vehicle emission factor models have been developed abroad, being used to quantitatively calculate vehicle emissions and predict the emissions in the future, so as to provide technical support for formulating reasonable policies and measures. Many domestic research institutions listed the emission inventory in Beijing, Shanghai, Macau and other places by useing foreign models, but so far no institution has developed its own model, and research on the emission factor model database is even less.The main reason is the lack of integrity and analytical methods. Emission factor model database as a core part of the model is the basis to establish the model. Therefore, this paper studied the methods of the emission factor model database.By studying the abroad models and the factors that affect vehicle emissions, the data demand for model database is analyzed. Then the data is obtained from the laboratory and on-board test equipments. Last, the databse is established.This paper studies the establishment approach of foreign motor vehicle emission factor model, and discusses the various factors that effect on vehicle emissions.Also, this paper researches the the data demand and discusses the establishment of pollutant database. On the base of the database, the difference of emissions from different vehicles and the relationships between acceleration and velocity and emission are studied.This paper also studies determination method of the basic emission factor and velocity correction coefficient.更多还原