【作者】 郑炳杰；

【导师】 梁韦弦；

【作者基本信息】 福建师范大学 ， 中国古代史， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 韩非(出生年不详—公元前233年)是战国末期法家的思想集大成者。《史记·韩非列传》云:“喜刑名之学,而其归本于黄老”。他与当时秦国著名的政治家李斯,都是荀子的学生。早期法家,商鞅重“法”,申不害贵“术”、慎到尚“势”。韩非将此三者熔为一炉,建立了一套以法,术、势,三位一体的政治思想体系。本文从先秦时期社会文化状况这一角度入手,探讨了以往的历史对韩非政治思想的影响,以及韩非对前人思想的批判、继承、发展,指出了韩非的思想核心是主张极端的君主独裁制度并严厉禁止其它各家思想的存在。本文介绍了韩非思想的哲学基础与认识论基础,分析了韩非综合运用法、术、势处理君、臣、民三者关系的思想体系。韩非这一套理论因为符合当时及后世君主的自身利益而容易被他们接受,事实上造成自汉武帝后的历代统治者采取阳儒阴法这种双重统治的标准起了相当大的作用。长期以来,人们大多是用阶级分析的方法对韩非的政治思想进行评价,随着时代的发展,我们必须用辩证唯物主义的观点来看待韩非的政治思想,不能全盘否定它的作用,所以,在总结前人对韩非思想评价的基础上,站在时代的高度上,本文试着从韩非的政治思想对当今构建“和谐”社会中的一些积极作用进行了初步的研究。全文分为六个部分:第一,绪论部分主要介绍本文选题的缘由、学术回顾及其研究意义和研究方法,本文的写作思路和资料的来源。第二部分介绍韩非的生活时代与生平著述,它包括四个方面的内容:(一)春秋战国时期的社会状况;(二)春秋战国时期的思想文化状况;(三)韩非的生平与著作;(四)韩非法治思想的主要来源。第三部分介绍韩非的法论,它包括五个方面的内容:(一)韩非对法的定义;(二)韩非法治思想的内容;(三)实行法治的原因;(四)实行法治所要遵循的原则;(五)韩非法治思想对我们的启示。第四部分介绍韩非的术论,它包括三个方面的内容:(一)术的理论根据与实际意义;(二)韩非术治的思想内容;(三)韩非术治思想的新论。第五部分介绍韩非的势论,它包括三个方面的内容:(一)韩非“处势”的思想;(二)韩非“巩固势”的思想:(三)韩非“势”论的评价。第六部分介绍韩非思想的综论,它包括四个方面的内容:(一)法术势相结合的治国之道;(二)韩非思想认识的理论基础;(三)韩非思想的功过评论;(四)韩非思想的现代启示意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Han Fei (?—B.C. 233) was a great ideologist who combined the genres of legists in the late Warring States Period. Both he and the temporal famous politician of Qin States-Li Si were the students of Xunzi. Among inchoate legists, Shang Yang attached importance to "Law", Shen Buhai advocated "Strategy", and Shen Dao worshiped "Power". Han Fei fused the above three genres then established a system of political ideology with the "Law" as a main body and with the "Strategy" and "Power" as its two wings.From the aspect of social-cultural condition in pre-Qin period, the present study probed into the problem of the previous historical effect on Han Fei’s political ideology and discussed his criticism, inheritance, and development to the predecessors. Here it also pointed out that the ideological center of Han Fei was to claim the rule of emperor despotism in the extreme and severely forbid the existence of other schools of thought. The present study synthetically introduced the philosophical and epistemological basis of Han Fei’s thought and analyzed the ideological system which dealt with the relationship among emperor, liegeman and civilian by exploring his thought of Law, Strategy and Power. For this set of theory was accordant with the benefits of the temporal and following emperors, it was easily accepted by them. In fact, it played an important role in these double standards of explicitly using the thought of Confucianism while implicitly using the thought of Legists by the monarchs after Emperor Han Wu.In a long time, most researchers have evaluated Han Fei’s political thought by the method of class analyzing. With the development of society, we must treat his political thought with a standpoint of dialectical materialism and we can’t completely deny its effect. Therefore, in the basis of summarizing the previous evaluation to Han Fei’s thought and from an era aspect, the present study tried to primarily explore the active effect of Han Fei’s political thought on establishing harmonious society.The current study consists of six chapters:Chapter One, the Introduction, described the rationale of the present study, literature review, research significance, research method, logic and sources of materials.Chapter Two introduced the living epoch and writings of Han Fei. It contained four parts:(1) The social conditions of Spring and Autumn Period;(2) The ideological and cultural conditions of Spring and Autumn Period;(3) Han Fei’s life and writings;(4) The main source of Han Fei’s thought of the role of Law.Chapter Three introduced Han Fei’s theory of Law. It contained six parts:(1) Han Fei’s definition of Law;(2) The contents of Han Fei’ s thought of the role of Law;(3) The reason for carrying out the Law;(4) The principles for carrying out the Law;(5) The influence of Han Fei’s thought of Law to descendants;(6) The implications of Han Fei’s thought of Law to us. Chapter Four introduced Han Fei’s theory of Strategy. It contained three parts:(1) The theoretical bases and practical significance of Strategy;(2) The ideological contents of Han Fei’s thought of Strategy.(3) The new theory of Han Fei’s thought of Strategy.Chapter Five introduced Han Fei’s theory of Power. It contained three parts: (1)The thought of Han Fei’s " Using Power"; The thought of Han Fei’s"Consolidating Power";(2) The evaluation of Han Fei’s theory of Power. Chapter Six summarized the thought of Han Fei. It contained four parts:(1) The kingcraft of combining "Law", "Strategy", and "Power";(2) The theoretical bases of Han Fei’s ideological knowledge;(3) The advantages and disadvantages of Han Fei’s thought;(4) The modern implications and significance of Han Fei’s thought.更多还原