【作者】 刘娜娜；

【导师】 戴晓东；

【作者基本信息】 上海师范大学 ， 英语语言文学， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 随着全球化的发展,文化交流日益加强。它促进了文化沟通,但也形成了许多新的问题。这就要求我们深入辨别文化之间的异同,发现问题并且找出解决的途径。语言和反映文化和建构文化。两者相互影响,密切相连。没有理解文化背景或者交流情境,我们很难真正理解语言的意义。大量的研究已经足以表明语言和文化之间的重要关系,但从跨文化视角、系统地阐释文化对禁忌语影响的文献近乎阙如。本文以语用学和跨文化交际理论作为基本骨架,结合人类学和社会语言学中的概念和思想对中西方禁忌语进行比较分析,总结出他们的差异,探讨提高应用禁忌语的跨文化能力的策略。禁忌语是指社会中认为某些对自身有伤害的行为。主要体现在文化上的忌讳和限制。中西文化都忌讳性,死亡,宗教,迷信等语言,但它们遵循着不同的文化规范。中国文化倾向于鼓励消极地使用禁忌语,而西方文化偏好积极地运用禁忌语;两种禁忌语的使用起源于迥异的宗教背景。全球化时代,应用禁忌语的跨文化能力包括开放的态度、跨文化/全球思维、欣赏/消化差异、辨别/容忍暧昧性,以及悬置判断等品格。认知-行为的管理、提问、自我揭示和含糊等是实现成功跨文化交际的有效策略。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the advancement of globalization, interactions between cultures have been increasingly intensified, which produce both better understandings and new problems. It proves to be an imperative to identify both differences and similarities so that effective strategies might be formulated to deal with the challenges.Language reflects culture and is significantly shaped by culture. Without understanding of the social-cultural or communication context, we cannot understand the meaning of language. Plenty of studies have addressed the relationships between language and culture, but few of them comprehensively interpret how cultural orientation affects linguistic taboo in social and intercultural communications.This thesis takes pragmatic and intercultural communication theories as the backbone and incorporates some anthropological and sociolinguistic ideas to analyze linguistic taboos in Chinese and English. It reveals their differences and tentatively proposes workable strategies to improve intercultural taboo competence. Taboo refers to social disapproval of certain kinds of behavior believed to be harmful to its members. It is principally expressed in prohibitions and restrictions. Different cultures do not all agree on what taboo is and what should be tabooed in a given context. Both Chinese and English have taboos on such things as sex, death, religion, superstition and so forth, but they follow different cultural norms. Chinese culture tends to encourage negative use of language taboos, whereas English culture tends to prefer positive use of language taboos. Taboos in Chinese and English originate from different religious traditions. Intercultural taboo competence covers attitudes, intercultural/global thought, appreciating/digesting differences, recognizing/tolerating ambiguity and being nonjudgemental constitute taboo competence in the global era. Cognitive-behavioral management, question-asking, self-revealing, euphemism and vagueness are useful strategies to achieve successful intercultural communication.更多还原