【作者】 黄蓉蓉；

【导师】 黄焱；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 公共管理， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来,中国巨型灾害频发,损失逐年增加,现有的由国家财政支持,政府主导型的巨灾风险管理模式对灾区的经济补偿和人民生活的恢复只能是低层次和小范围的,而商业保险在巨灾发生时的补偿作用在我国尚未体现,因此尽快建立符合我国国情的有中国特色的巨灾保险体系显得非常必要。当前中国的巨灾风险管理制度存在着“三多三少”的问题,一是政府行为多,市场行为少;二是灾后补偿多,灾前预防少;三是风险控制手段多,风险转移手段少。基于上述现状,本文尝试着对我国建立巨灾保险体系的问题进行探讨和分析。首先通过对中国巨灾保险市场现状的实证分析,指出目前我国巨灾保险停滞不前的原因:一方面,几禁几放的行政指令让巨灾保险在我国的发展几次中断,巨灾保险体系的建立更是无从谈起;另一方面,中国保险业起步晚,底子薄,既缺乏专业的巨灾保险技术人才,又没有国际再保人的直接支持,风险无法转移,高度集中,令保险机构的偿付能力充足情况不容乐观;此外,巨灾保险市场还存在着市场失灵的天然属性。然后从三方面详尽阐述了影响我国巨灾保险体系建立的主要因素,政府在高度关注巨灾灾后救助的同时忽略了对商业化的巨灾保险的引导和扶持。最后,尝试运用风险管理理论,结合我国巨灾保险经营的实践,并借鉴西方发达国家经验,从宏观和微观两个层面分别提出相应的建立我国巨灾保险体系的途径,指出建立一个全社会共同参与,多层次分担机制的巨灾保险体系是我国巨灾风险的管理的出路所在。将市场机制引入到巨灾风险的管理中来,让投保人、保险人、再保险人、资本市场以及政府逐级承担风险损失,利用了保险公司的理赔优势,发挥了再保人和资本市场分散风险的作用,又由政府兜底控制了整个市场过程的风险,减轻了国家的财政负担,缓和了社会的管理压力,是建设服务型政府的成效之一。文章中还建议将巨灾保险纳入强制保险范畴,进一步提高巨灾保险的利润水平,以化解保险人的经营风险。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years, catastrophe happens in China frequently. The loss increases year by year. But the financial compensation for the affected areas and the restoration of people’s lives provided by the existing government finance and the government-led model of catastrophe risk management, can only be low-level and small-scale. The compensation role of commercial insurance is not yet reflected when the catastrophe occurs in our country. Therefore, it is necessary to set up a catastrophe insurance system in line with China’s national conditions, as quickly as possible.At present, there is a ’three more and three less’ problem exists in China’s catastrophe risk management system. Firstly, there is too much government action and less market behavior; secondly, there is much more post-disaster compensation and less pre-disaster prevention; thirdly, there is much more means of risk control and less of risk transfer means.Based on the above situation, this paper attempts to explore and analyze the establishment of a catastrophe insurance system in China. First of all, according to the empirical analysis of the status quo of China’s catastrophe insurance market, this paper points out the reasons of the current stagnation of China’s catastrophic insurance. On the one hand, several times ’open and close’ executive order brings interruption of catastrophe insurance development in China several times. Furthermore, there’s no way to establish the Catastrophe Insurance System. On the other hand, because of the late starting of China’s insurance industry, weakness of foundation, lack of not only professional and technical personnel of the catastrophe insurance but also the direct support from the international re-insurance company, and the highly concentrated risk which can not be transferred, the solvency capacity of the insurance company is not optimistic. In addition, there is a natural attribute of the catastrophe insurance market, which is market out of control. Then based on three aspects, this paper elaborates on the main factors that affect the establishment of our catastrophe insurance system. The Government ignores the guidance and support of commercial catastrophe insurance while it has a high degree of concern about post-disaster relief. Finally, this paper try to use risk management theory, combined with our catastrophe insurance business practices, and reference of experiences of Western developed countries, to propose the approach to establish the corresponding catastrophe insurance system in China, separately from the macro and micro levels, as well as points out the establishment of a multi-level sharing catastrophe insurance system of a whole society participation is the way out of our country’s catastrophic risk management. It would be one of the effectiveness of the service-oriented government establishment, if the market-oriented system is applied into catastrophe control, the insured, insurer, reinsurer, capital markets, and government assume the risk of loss at different levels, the claim settlement advantage of the insurance companies, the risk dispersing role of the reinsurers and capital markets is brought into play, also the government control all the risk of the whole process of market, the financial burden of the state is reduced, and the social management pressure is eased up. This paper also suggested that catastrophic insurance should be put into compulsory insurance, to further improve the profitability of catastrophe insurance, in order to resolve the insurer’s business risks.更多还原