【作者】 苗方方；

【导师】 李云波；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 管理科学与工程， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 城市绿地作为“自然的服务系统”,居民能否方便地获取享受这种自然的服务是衡量一个城市现代化发展水平、城市环境可持续性发展、和谐的人地关系的一个重要指标。20世纪80年代以来,我国一直以城市人均(公共、公园)绿地面积、绿地率、绿化覆盖率等面积比率指标作为核心指标来指导城市绿地建设,这些指标虽然能从量上说明一些问题,但却难以在空间上描述绿地景观的空间布局,从而真正反映绿地对居民服务的有效性。可达性是一个量化的评价指标,能够综合多种因素对这种服务能力做出评价,揭示了人们对城市绿地的利用程度。本文根据城市绿地的可达性理论,选取三个主要影响指标:交通成本、服务人口密度和绿地景观吸引力来对城市绿地的可达性进行评价。然后基于势能模型,构建一套城市绿地可达性评价模型,并且分别赋予交通成本、服务人口密度和绿地景观吸引力50%、40%、10%的权重。总结出了一个基于网格划分的城市公共绿地景观可达性计算方法。最后基于模型,利用ArcGIS9.2软件的制图及强大的空间分析功能,对哈尔滨原动力区公园绿地进行可达性评价,计算出其可达性值,并对计算结果进行分析,评价各个指标对城市绿地可达性的影响。城市绿地的可达性指标对评价城市环境质量,衡量自然生态系统的服务功能有着重要的潜在价值,它是对目前普遍采用的一些城市绿化环境质量评价指标的补充,强调了绿地空间格局的重要性。同时,也为合理地调整和设计城市绿地系统提供了科学的依据,从而使体现城市建设以人为本的理念得以落到实处,有较强的现实意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Urban green space is an important urban green infrastructure,regarded as the important spatial basis for urban sustainable development, and can provide ecological, recreational and social-cultural functions. Since 1980s, the urban planners and policy-makers widely took the urban green space area per capital, public green space area per capital, urban park area per capital, the ratio of urban green space, and green space cover ratio, etc. as the key indexes to guide planning and management in China. Although these indicators can show the problems from the quantity, it is difficult to describe the space distribution of green space landscape, so to truly reflect the effectiveness of Green space services to residents. Accessibility is a quantitative evaluation which can integrate a variety of factors to evaluate the service capabilities, and reveals about the extent of the use of urban green space.In this paper, according to the accessibility of urban green space theory, I select three main impact indicators: transport costs, population density and the attractiveness of green landscape to evaluate the accessibility of urban green space. Then based on the potential energy model, constructs a model of accessibility of urban green space evaluation, and given 50%, 40%, 10% weights to transport costs, population density and the attractiveness of green landscape. Give a mesh-based calculation method to calculate the accessibility of urban green space. Finally, based on the model, use mapping function and powerful spatial analysis function of software ArcGIS9.2, evaluate parks of Harbin former Dongli District. Calculate the value of the accessibility, analysis the results, evaluate various indicators have the impact of accessibility of urban green space.Indicators of accessibility of urban green space have an important potential value for evaluating the quality of urban environment and measuring the natural ecosystem service functions. It is a supplement for the evaluation indexes of environmental quality of urban green, and stresses the importance of spatial distribution pattern of green. At the same time, it is also provides a scientific basis for reasonable adjustment and design the urban green space system. So let the reflection of the urban construction of the concept of people-oriented become a reality. There is strong practical significance.更多还原