【作者】 潘东青；

【导师】 张广玉；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 机械电子工程， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 油井多普勒光纤流量传感器是基于光学多普勒频移原理,通过接收运动油液粒子的散射光而测量油液流速,从而测量流量的。多普勒光纤传感器以其非接触测量、测量精度高、分辨率高、抗干扰能力强、对介质适应能力强等优点被越来越多地应用在速度测量领域。但是,由于流量测量的复杂性,利用多普勒效应测量流量的应用在国内外还很少。本文以实际课题为背景,对用于油井油液流量测量的多普勒光纤流量传感器进行了深入研究,设计了传感器系统的各个部分,并进行了流量测量实验,验证了多普勒光纤流量传感器流量测量的可行性。本文首先对油井多普勒光纤流量传感器的测量原理进行了研究:通过对光的散射原理以及对油液的组成和分子大小的研究,分析了油液对光的散射作用,估算了散射光的强度;研究了光学混频和干涉原理,推导出了多普勒频移公式和流量公式,分析了多普勒信号的组成和特点;分析了几种干涉光路,并基于迈克尔干涉仪提出了本文的光路系统设计方案;研究了光电信号检测和处理技术,分析了光电检测电路的噪声。其次,依据传感器测量原理,对多普勒光纤流量传感器系统各部分进行了分析和详细设计,包括光发射单元、光路系统、光电检测单元和信号处理单元;完成了整个系统的搭建包括加工了本文的光路系统;设计、仿真、并研制了光电信号检测电路。最后进行了传感器的流量测量实验,通过实验实现了多普勒效应测量油液流量,证明了本文传感器系统设计的可行性和有效性。本文对油井多普勒光纤流量传感器的研究内容和成果为这一领域的研究提供了宝贵理论资料和实际经验,具有较大的实际意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Doppler fiber-optic flow sensor is to measure a flow using of the light scattering effect and the optical Doppler effect. Doppler optic-fiber sensor is applied to velocity measurement increasingly in virtue of its advantages: non-contact measuring, high measuring precision, high resolution, high anti-jamming ability, and high adaptability to the liquid, etc. However, due to the complexity of flow measurement, application of Doppler effect in the field of flow measurement both at home and abroad is few. This paper, on the background of a real application problem, has made a deep research on the Doppler fiber-optic oil-flow sensor, analyzed and designed every part of the sensor system, and carried out a flow-measuring experiment to verify the sensor.Firstly, the related fundamentals have been studied: by the research of light scattering theories as well as oil composition and oil particles’size, the light scattering effect of oil particles is analyzed as well as the intensity of the scattered light is estimated by calculation; on the basis of research of the optical Doppler effect, optical mixing and optical interference principles, the formulas of Doppler frequency-shift and flow are derived, and the constitution and characteristics of the Doppler signals are analyzed. By analysis of the present optical interferometers, this paper puts forward a new design of optical route based on the Michelson Interferometer; the technologies of photoelectric signal detection are researched and the noise of photoelectric signal detection circuit is analyzed.Secondly, according to the research above, every part of the sensor system is designed, including light-emitting unit, optical route system, photoelectric detection unit and signal processing unit. This paper finished designing and building the whole sensor system: designed and manufactured the optical route system; designed, simulated, and developed a weak photoelectric signal detection circuit.Lastly, a flow measurement experiment is carried out on the sensor designed in this paper. Through the experimental data, the feasibility of the sensor system is verified. In a word, the work in this paper on the research of the Doppler fiber-optic oil-flow sensor provides valuable theory analysis and practical experience in this related field, with a great practical significance.更多还原