【作者】 李洪亮；

【导师】 白桦；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 机械设计及理论， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 塔式起重机是建筑施工中不可缺少的物料运输机械,其应用越来越广泛,人们对塔机的要求也越来越高,塔机运行的安全性能是否达标已经成为威胁建筑工地工作人员的生命安全的重要元素,因此,对塔机运行状态的监督显得尤为重要。本课题是基于国家“十一五”科技支撑计划“建筑工程装备研究与产业化开发”的子课题“群塔集中网络化管理技术与装置研究”开展的。本文为该项目中的塔机运行防碰撞、三维监视及数据处理系统的开发。本文在研究了当前国内外现有的群塔作业防碰撞及监视系统的基础上,针对其存在的问题,提出以OpenGL图形设备接口为三维监视系统的载体,利用齐次变换技及包围盒术来作为系统的防碰撞算法,以ODBC管理的Access为数据库来开发新一代群塔作业防碰撞及监视系统。系统的主要作用是建立虚拟工况来模拟实际工况中塔机和障碍物,实时采集塔机的各个姿态参数,计算塔机与塔机及塔机与障碍物间的相互位置关系,在危险状态发出预警,并对塔机运行进行监视。防碰撞引擎及三维监视所用数据包括工况现场采集的工地坐标信息,三种类型塔机(平臂塔机、平头塔机及动臂塔机)位置及数量信息,两种类型障碍物(圆柱体及正六面体)的位置、数量、形态信息及塔机的姿态数据信息(由数据采集卡采集)。系统配有数据库,系统工作同时,以时间为主键,记录一定时间范围内塔机的各个姿态参数。实现“黑匣子”功能,方便数据管理及事故分析。系统采用模块化设计,整个系统由以下几个模块组成:参数载入模块、模型载入模块、模型建立模块、数据采集模块、防碰撞计算模块、演示监视模块、警告及报警模块、数据存储模块、数据显示模块及文件操作部分。本文建立了群塔防碰撞系统的实验系统,以角度传感器采集塔机角度信息,以位移传感器采集塔机小车位置信息,实现实际工况的模拟。系统的调试结果表明,本文研制的防碰撞及监视系统运行良好,能够有效对塔机运行过程中碰撞的危险予以预警。更多还原

【Abstract】 Tower crane is indispensable transport machine in construction.Application of tower crane become more and more widely, the requirements of tower crane from people also increase. The safety operation of tower crane has become a threat to the safety of person who works on construction sites. The safety of tower cranes is to be a problem of needing an effective solution. So, monitoring operation of the tower crane is especially important.The subject based on national "Eleventh Five-Year" plan of scientific and technological support“Research on network management technology and devices for group tower”of”Construction equipment research and industry development”. In this paper, the work is running in the tower crane anti-collision data processing, records and the development of three-dimensional monitoring system based on the current anti-collision and three-dimensional monitoring system, for their problems, using bounding box and homogeneous transform technology as the core of the anti-collision algorithm, OpenGL graphics device interface as the core for three-dimensional monitoring system. Access database manage by ODBC to develop a new generation of anti-collision for group tower operation and monitoring systems.The main function of the system is real-time collection of various tower crane posture parameters,establish virtual working conditions to simulate actual working conditions for the surveillance of tower crane operation. Calculation the relationship of the location of tower cranes and obstructions, give the early warning in the dangerous state,this system has a database module, display and record a scope of a certain period of time in all parameters of tower crane.System was developed in Visual C + + environment, the data of anti-collision engine and three-dimensional monitoring system including information on the site coordinates, the information of location and quantity of three types of tower cranes. the information of location and quantity of two types of obstacles, data of tower crane posture. at the same time, system record the various tower crane posture data, realize the function of "black box", make data management and accident analysis more convenient.System design concept is the modular design, the whole system composed of the following modules: parameter loading module, loading model module, model-building module, data acquisition module, anti-collision calculation module, monitoring system module, warning and alarm module, data storage module, data display module and part of file operations. Establish experimental system for group crane anti-collision system, collection the information of angle of tower crane with angle sensor, collection the information of location of tower crane with distance sensor to simulate actual working conditions. The debugging results of the system showed that anti-collision system work well. It could give an early warning operation to tower crane in the risk of collision.更多还原