【作者】 戴圆圆；

【导师】 张伟东；

【作者基本信息】 辽宁师范大学 ， 环境科学， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 生态问题已经成为当今世界制约可持续发展最为重要的问题,沈阳市位于辽河冲击平原与东部山区的衔接地带,是东北地区的政治、经济、文化、科技、交通中心。生态环境建设对该地区社会经济的可持续发展具有特别重要的意义。本文首先论述了全球生态环境概况、我国生态环境概况,分析生态环境恶化的原因以及我国生态环境恶化的负面影响,进而对我国生态环境建设与沈阳生态环境建设进行概述。在调查的基础上,结合近年来所取得的生态保护和生态建设方面的经验教训,本文重点研究了沈阳市生态环境现状及发展态势,探索沈阳市可持续生态建设与发展之路。研究表明,该地区生态环境发展现状具有以下基本特征:一、经济、社会不断发展,区域环境特征鲜明突出;二、生态环境质量有所好转,重点污染源逐步得到整治;三、资源保护与综合利用开始得到重视,人与自然和谐共处的格局初步形成;四、区域性生态治理有所突破,防灾减灾能力逐步增强;五、加强国内国际合作,环境保护和环保产业发展呈现良好态势。通过对研究区域生态环境特征的综合分析,对沈阳市生态环境进行了区划,划分为四大类型区,即:西北风沙盐碱区、中部平原区、中心城区和东部山区。根据当地的生态环境现状和发展趋势,以及区域可持续发展的新要求,重点建设四个生态保护区:西北盐碱风沙综合治理保护区、中部平原基本农田保护区、中心城市环境保护区和东部低山丘陵水土保持区。通过对西北盐碱风沙综合治理保护区地理位置和自然气候概况、风沙的成因的分析、风沙灾害与治理的回顾,提出风沙治理对策与保证措施。通过对卧龙湖湿地生态环境评价、卧龙湖湿地水量的平衡的分析,提出卧龙湖湿地恢复的途径。通过对中部平原基本农田保护区种植业结构调整概况、沈阳市种植业生产的干旱灾害及其影响的分析,提出未来沈阳市种植业结构调整、抗旱减灾的有效途径。通过对中心城市环境保护区环城绿带建设的意义和功能、大城市环城绿带建设思路的分析,提出大城市环城绿带建设实施对策。通过对东部低山丘陵水土保持区农林果牧系统耦合模式的研究,提出东部山区农林果牧耦合系统关键技术并进行耦合系统效益分析,经济效益明显并能促进生态的良性循环。更多还原

【Abstract】 The problem of ecosystem has already become the most important problem in restricting the sustainable development of the world. Shenyang is the link up of the Liao river plain and the eastern mountain area. It is the center of the northeast region in politics, economy, culture, science, technology and transportation. Construction of ecological environments is extremely significant for the sustainable development of society and economy in local area.This discourse discusses the generally environmental situation of the world and our country first, then it analyses the reasons of the worse ecological environment and the negative influence of the worse ecological environment in our country, then we describe on the construction of ecological environment in our country and Shenyang.Based on the investigation and the experiences on the ecological protection and construction in recent years, this discourse mainly studies the present condition of the ecological environment and the development trend in Shenyang, and then try to find out the special way for Shenyang to construct a sustainable ecosystem so as to boost its development. Research shows that the region’s present development situation of ecological environment, has the following characteristics: firstly, with the development of the economy and social condition, the regional environmental characteristics have been shown up clearly; Secondly, the ecological environment quality has been improved ,at the same time, the pollution has been controlled better; Thirdly, the conservation and the comprehensive utilization of the resource has been started to get a value, the harmonious coexistence pattern of the human and the nature has been initially formed; Fourthly, we have made important progress in regional ecological management, the ability of preventing and reducing disaster has been gradually strengthened; Fifthly, we have strengthened domestic and international cooperation, environmental protection and environmental protectional industry are developing healthily.Through the comprehensive analysis of the characteristics of Shenyang’s ecological environment, it can be divided into four areas: the northwestern salt alkali sandstorm area, the central plain area, the center city area, and the eastern mountainous area.According to the local ecological environment situation and developing trend, as well as the new requirements in the regional sustainable development, it is suggested to set up four ecological reserves: the comprehensive managed reserve of the northwestern salt alkali sandstorm area, the reserve of the central plains area, the environmental protection of the center city area and the water conservation reserve of the eastern mountainous area.Through the analysis of its geographical location, natural climate and the causes of the sandstorm in the comprehensive managed reserve of the northwestern salt alkali sandstorm area, as well as the review about the management of blown-sand, I come up with the measures to control the sand.Through Wolong lake wetland’s ecological environment evaluation and the analysis of its water balance, the discourse finally figures out the approach on Wolong lake wetland’s restoration.Through the analysis on the general situation of planting structure adjustment in the reserve of the central plains area, the drought disasters of the plant production and its influences, the discourse puts forward the effective ways on the planting structure adjustment, the Anti-drought and the decrease of disasters in the future.Through the analysis on the significance and function of the city green belt-construction in the environmental protection of the center city area, and the ideas of the big city green belt-construction, this discourse proposed the implementation countermeasures of big city green belt-construction.Through the research on the fruit and animal husbandry coupling model system in the water conservation reserve of the eastern mountainous area, this article points out the key technologies of this system and go further to analyzed the system’s efficiency, it can promote the benign circulation of the environment.更多还原