【作者】 魏娜；

【导师】 王凤平；

【作者基本信息】 辽宁师范大学 ， 物理化学， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 本文利用电导率法分别测定以阴离子表面活性剂SDS,非离子表面活性剂NP,阳离子表面活性剂CTAB作为表面活性剂的W/O微乳液体系的最大增溶水量,并以此为指标选择适合制备纳米粒子的W/O微乳液组分,并研究该微乳液的组成和性质。以CTAB为表面活性剂,对几种不同的烷烃制备的微乳体系进行了考察和比较,考察了正丁醇与CTAB的质量比对体系的溶水性能影响,考察了不同含水量对体系构成的微乳液稳定区域的影响,对几种影响微乳体系稳定性的因素进行了讨论。并利用电导率实验数据研究了CTAB/正丁醇/正己烷/水体系由W/O型微乳液体系→液晶结构→双连续微乳液→O/W型微乳液的结构转变,为以CTAB/正丁醇/正己烷/水为微乳液介质合成纳米材料提供依据。通过各体系的电导率变化情况可以得出适合作为纳米颗粒反应器的微乳液体系为CTAB/正丁醇/正己烷//水微乳液体系。因为该体系增溶水量大,可调范围广,稳定性比较好。通过查阅文献,将所选择的表面活性剂复配,选择协同效应最好的组合,添加助洗剂、络合剂等制备了微乳除油剂,并分析了该微乳除油剂中各主要组分的作用,并着重研究了脱脂温度以及脱脂时间对除油效果的影响,并测定了该微乳除油剂的其它性能和特点。微乳除油剂是由表面活性剂、助洗剂、络合剂等化学原料配制成的液体状化工产品,能在常温条件下代替汽油、煤油、柴油、三氯乙烯等有机溶剂用来清洗各种金属材料及零部件。使用时配制容易,不燃烧、不爆炸、便于运输与储存;操作简单,在常温下即可清洗作业,操作者手感润滑舒适,可避免使用柴油或汽油时造成皮肤粗糙干裂,清洗后具有防腐防锈作用。结果表明,这种清洗剂具有去除油污能力强,常温清洗,对金属腐蚀小,环境污染小,成本低等特点。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this paper,three different types surfactant(anion-surfactant is SDS,nonion-surfactant is NP,cation-surfactant is CTAB)were chosed as surfactants.The conductance method was used to determine the maximum solved water(solutiom) of the microemulsions,the compositions of the microemulsion to envelop nanopaticles were chosen.Several microemulsions with CTAB as surfactant,diferent alkyls as oil phase and n-butanol as cosurfactant were prepared.The effect of temperature and acidity on microemulsions was evaluated.The sable range of the microemulsions and the influnce of fraction of water was also studied.At the same time the structure change of W/O→bi-continuous structure→virgulate liquid crystals→lamellar liquid crystals→bi-continuous structure→O /W studied by conductance measurement were established for this system at 25℃.These results direct the synthetic woring the quaternary CTAB/n-butanol/n-hexane/water microemulsion.The surfactants which are chosen were built,at the same time,the surfactants solution has the best synergistic effect to be constituted.The microemulsion degreasing agent was developed by taking nonionic and ionic as complicated surfactant with the addition of cleaning assistants and associatation agents.The effect on the degreasing by the way of degreasing,the temperature of degreasing and the time of degreasing were studied,at the same time,other charaeters were estimated.Microemulsion cleaning agent is of liquid state chemical produtions which are made up by surfactants,pro-washing a gent,corrosion inhibitor and other chemical materials.They can take place of the gasoline,kerosene,diesel oil,chlorylene and other organic solution at the normal-temperance when they are used to washing the metal material and spare parts.This kind of agent has the advantage of making up easily,no volatilization,incmbutible,inexplosive and innoxious,at the same time,it has the ability of anti-rust after washing.更多还原