【作者】 刘承江；

【导师】 张恒庆；

【作者基本信息】 辽宁师范大学 ， 环境科学， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 森林生态系统服务功能是指森林生态系统与生态过程所形成及维持人类赖以生存的自然环境条件与效用,作为一种自然资源在人类生存和生活中发挥着重要的生态系统服务功能。基于森林生态系统服务功能的巨大作用,世界各国研究人员对森林生态系统服务功能进行了广泛的评估研究;近几十年来我国研究人员也对森林生态系统服务功能进行了大量的研究。本研究在了解生态系统服务功能的内涵、研究进展、评估方法的基础上,以辽宁仙人洞国家级自然保护区森林生态系统为具体研究对象,结合保护区森林生态系统的特点,筛选了保护区森林生态系统主要服务功能价值评估指标。运用市场价值法、影子工程法、机会成本法和碳税法等环境经济学方法,对保护区森林生产有机物质、涵养水源、保护土壤、固定CO2释放O2、净化环境、保护生物多样性和休闲游憩等生态系统服务功能价值进行了估算研究。结果表明:仙人洞自然保护区森林生态系统每年提供的服务总价值为9029.8万元,其中有机物质生产价值151.9万元/a;涵养水源价值4079.9万元/a;保护土壤价值685.5万元/a;净化环境价值390.3万元/a;固定CO2释放O2价值357.8万元/a;保护生物多样性价值2804.4万元/a;游憩价值560万元/a;间接价值约为直接价值的11.7倍。说明了仙人洞自然保护区森林具有巨大的生态效益,对维持社会经济的可持续发展具有不可替代的作用。仙人洞自然保护区森林生态系统各项服务功能价值的大小排序为涵养水源﹥保护生物多样性﹥保护土壤﹥游憩﹥净化环境﹥固定CO2释放O2﹥生产有机物。森林生态系统提供的间接价值远大于传统意义上的森林生态系统林副产品等直接经济价值,所以森林价值主要体现在森林生态系统的生态过程与生态功能所提供的间接使用价值,正是这种生态系统服务提供保持土壤、净化环境、涵养水源、保持生物多样性和固定CO2释放O2等维持人类的生命过程。因此,仙人洞自然保护区管理人员要科学地调控生产发展与生态保护的关系,从而实现区域经济社会的可持续发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 Forest ecosystem services are the conditions and processes through which natural ecosystems, and the species that make them up, sustain and fulfill human life. As a nature resource plays important ecosystem service functions in people′s survival and daily life. Therefore , there are many researches on the evaluation of forest ecosystem services function around the world. In the last decade, there is also much research work concerning the forest ecosystem services function in our country.The meaning of the evaluation of the forest ecosystem services function in Liaoning Xianrendong nature reserve was discussed on the base of reviewing the concept, the researching progress, and the evaluation methods of ecological services function in this paper. Combined with the characteristics of the forest ecosystem services function in nature reserve, a frame of forest ecosystem services function in nature reserve evaluating index system is established. The values of production of organic substance, water conservation, soil conservation, air purification, carbon fixation and oxygen release, biodiversity conservation and forest recreation of the forest ecosystem in Xianrendong nature reserve were assessed with the methods of environment economics such as market value, shadow project and opportunity cost etc.The result shows that the average key public forest ecosystem services values of Forest Ecosystem Service Functions in Liaoning Xianrendong nature reserve adds up to 9.0298×107yuan, which consist of 1.519×106yuan of production of organic substance; 4.0799×107yuan of water storage,6.855×106 yuan of soil conservation ; 3.903×106yuan of air purification; 3.578×106yuan of carbon fixation and oxygen release; 2.8044×107yuan of biodiversity conservation and 5.6×106 yuan of forest recreation. The indirect values are11.7 times than the direct values. The results illustrate that the forest ecosystem services function in Liaoning Xianrendong nature reserve possess huge ecological and economic benifits, and occupy important position in keeping sustainable development of environment and economy.The order of total value on rangeland ecosystem services in Liaoning Xianrendong nature reserve are: water storage> biodiversity conservation> soil conservation> forest recreation> air purification> carbon fixation and oxygen release> production of organic substance. This kind of indirect value of economy is far larger than that of direct economy. Therefore the significant value of forest is realized in this kind of indirect use value provided by the ecological processes and ecological function of forest ecosystems. It is these kinds of ecosystem services that support the life processes or contribute to the self-maintenance of mankind by soil conservation、air purification、water storage、biodiversity conservation and carbon fixation and oxygen release. Therefore, the manager of the forest ecosystem services function in Liaoning Xianrendong nature reserve shall scientifically regulate relationship between productive development and ecology conservation, making it possible to sustainable development for regional economy.更多还原