【作者】 云春峰；

【导师】 王培康；

【作者基本信息】 中国科学技术大学 ， 通信与信息系统， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 路由协议是无线传感器网络的关键技术之一,它完成从源节点到目的节点数据转发功能。而分层路由协议在均衡能量消耗以延长网络生存时间、可扩展性和数据融合等方面占有较大优势。本文介绍了无线传感器网络的体系结构、网络拓扑结构、网络特征以及研究现状。着重介绍了路由协议的分类、路由协议设计考虑的因素、路由协议性能评价,对现有的典型路由协议的工作原理做了详细的介绍分析。本文在已有基于虚拟栅格的路由协议的基础上,对虚拟栅格的建立方法进行了改进,采用随机的参考基准点动态地建立虚拟栅格,各节点自动形成簇结构;为了减少虚拟栅格的建立所消耗的能量,而引入了虚拟栅格的短时维持机制;针对传感器节点的能量消耗均衡问题,加入了最大剩余能量准则和最小能量消耗准则两个簇头选择能量约束条件。本文同时采用理想化网络模型进行数学分析和MATLAB仿真分析。数学分析和仿真得出了一致的虚拟栅格最优半径,同时分析的结果显示本文提出的路由协议能够使节点的能量消耗更加均匀,延长了网络的生存时间,并且具有很好的可扩展性。更多还原

【Abstract】 Routing Protocol is one of the key technologies for Wireless Sensor Network. it transforms the data source nodes to destination nodes. Hierarchical routing protocols have an advantage in many aspects such as balancing energy consumption of nodes to prolong survival time of network, scalability and data integration.This paper introduced the architecture of Wireless Sensor Network, network topology, network features, as well as research. It mainly focused on the classification of routing protocol, considerations of designing routing, and performance evaluation of routing protocols. Meanwhile it made detail analysis of the scheme of the famous routing. This article based on the routings which based on the virtual grid, and improved the method of virtual grid establishment. It made use of random reference point to dynamically establish virtual grid, the nodes automatically formed cluster structures. In order to reduce the energy consumption of virtual grid establishment, It introduced the mechanism to maintain the virtual grid temporarily. It applied the maximum residual energy criterion and minimum energy consumption criterion to choose cluster heads in order to balance the energy expenditure of nodes.The paper used idealized network for mathematical analysis and MATLAB simulation analysis at the same time. Mathematical analysis and simulation came to the same optimal radius of virtual grid. Meantime the analysis proved that the proposed routing protocols balanced energy consumption of nodes, prolonged the survival time of network, and had good scalability.更多还原