【作者】 杨志强；

【导师】 李志全；

【作者基本信息】 燕山大学 ， 检测技术与自动化装置， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 空间光通信正是以其传输码率高、功耗低、抗干扰能力强等一系列优点而发展起来的一项高新技术,各国都非常重视对空间光通信的研究工作。而窄的激光发射光束导致了光束对准中许多技术上的挑战,对捕获、跟踪和瞄准(Acquisition、Tracking、Pointing-ATP)技术的研究也就显得尤其重要。本文简要介绍了空间光通信技术的概念及相对于传统微波通信技术所具有的优点,并阐述了空间光通信所涉及的关键技术,详细介绍了ATP技术在空间光通信系统中的重要性,对ATP系统的结构、工作原理以及关键技术指标进行了重点研究。在空间光通信ATP系统的跟踪技术研究方面,本文阐述了影响跟踪精度的误差来源,分别对框架的耦合作用和加速度干扰对ATP系统跟踪性能的影响、光电探测器探测误差以及跟踪平台振动及振动抑制方法进行了研究,重点分析了跟踪误差对系统性能的影响,在建立了相应的跟踪误差数学模型的基础上,提出了可行的误差消除方案。在ATP系统的硬件设计方面,本文主要对ATP系统的的接口电路进行了分析和设计,对A/D转换电路、D/A转换电路及光电编码器信号反馈电路的功能和设计要点进行了分析,同时给出了相应的电路结构图,并对各电路的主要部件的结构和性能参数进行了分析。本文中ATP的实现方案采用的是复合轴伺服系统结构,在对空间光通信ATP中跟踪技术研究的基础上,提出了提高ATP系统伺服精度的方案,对粗跟踪系统的校正采用的是串联补偿器的方法;根据数字控制的直接设计方法对精跟踪回路进行了校正补偿,在此基础上对各个方案进行Matlab仿真分析,仿真结果表明了校正方案的合理性。更多还原

【Abstract】 Space optical communication is a new technique which has advantages such as high transfer rate, low consumption and strong anti-interference abilit.Many countries attach import attention to the research of space optical communication. But it leads to many technology problems in the beam pointing because of the narrow laser beam. So the research on acquisition, tracking and pointing (ATP) technology becomes especially important.Firstly, this paper introduces the concept of space optical communication and it’s advantages compared to microwave communication,and discusses the key techniques of space optical communication,the significance of ATP in space optical communication is explained in detail, besides, as an emphasis,the configuration,work principle and key technical indicators of ATP are studied.Secondly, ATP system’s tracking performance is analyzed, the error signals which impact tracking performance are discussed in detail,which include the coupling effect between the gimbals and the acceleration interference because of the gimbal’s imbalance,the characteristics and sorts of noises in the Q-APD signal detecting subsystem ,the vibration of tracking platform and vibration rejection methods are also analyzed.The impact of error signals to tracking precision is discussed with emphasis. According to the characteristics of the error signals, this paper sets up mathematical models and presents feasible methods to eliminate the errors.In the aspect of hardware circuit design about ATP system, the emphasis are the function and the working process of A/D, D/A conversion circuit and photo- electricity encoder signal feedback circuit. At the same time, the corresponding circuit structure charts are given.The capability and structure of the main components of circuits are illuminated.Finally, ATP implementation scenario adopts composite axis servo system structure,at the base of above research, some correction methods to enhance ATP system’s precision are given,concretely,one method is to enhance the precision of rough coarse part by a series compensation controller,the other design is the direct method of digital control to enhance the precision of fine part. Besides,these methods have been simulated with Matlab by computer, the results show the methods are feasible.更多还原