【作者】 李娜；

【导师】 陈卫东；

【作者基本信息】 燕山大学 ， 电路与系统， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 无线传感器网络(Wireless Sensor Network, WSN)就是由部署在监测区域内大量廉价微型传感器节点组成,通过无线通信方式形成一个多跳的自组织的网络。在无线传感器网络中,节点定位技术是许多应用的支撑技术,具有重要的地位,没有位置信息的监测消息往往毫无意义。因此,确定事件发生的位置或确定获取消息的节点位置是传感器网络最基本的功能之一,对传感器网络应用的有效性起着关键的作用。首先介绍了无线传感器网络的基本原理,节点定位的基本概念、关键技术以及节点定位算法的分类和性能评价标准,归纳了定位算法所面临的挑战,分析了几种典型的WSN分布式节点定位技术,并对它们进行了比较。其次提出了一种在三个锚节点的条件下基于到达角的定位方法,利用节点之间的几何关系实现传感器网络中未知节点的定位。通过仿真验证本文的方法能够对未知节点进行有效的定位。同时,本文提出的方法仅是依赖到达角信息来确定节点的位置,从而降低了处理的复杂度,节省节点的能量,提高了节点的寿命。最后提出了一种基于移动锚节点的节点定位方法,在此方法中利用到达时间测量锚节点与未知节点之间的距离,再利用锚节点与未知节点间的几何关系实现未知节点的定位。本文提出的方法仅是依赖于移动锚节点的两个不同位置来确定未知节点的位置信息,减少了无线传感器网络自身定位的通信和计算开销,从而降低了处理的复杂度。更多还原

【Abstract】 A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) refers to a group of inexpensive sensors linked by wireless medium, works as a self-organized and multi-hop network. In wireless sensor networks, sensor location plays a critical role in many applications, Without nodes’ position, the gathered information is of little worth. So, to locate where the event happen or get the position of the node which received messages is one of the most fundamental functions of WSN.The main work of this thesis is to research and design node localization. First the basic theories of WSN are introduced; the concept of localization is explained; the localization algorithms in existence are classified based on their characteristics; and the performance evaluation standards are noted; the facing challenges in WSN are sorted. Several classic localization algorithms are analyzed and compared by their complexity, performance, precision and application situation.Secondly this paper proposes a algorithm for unknown nodes under three anchor node’s condition in wireless sensor networks based on AOA (angle of arrival) method and the geometrical relations among sensor nodes. The simulation proves the effective localization of the unknown node. Meanwhile, this method is only reply on the information of AOA to determine the location of nodes, the proposed method, thereby, reduces processing complexity while saving the energy of nodes which extends life expectancy of nodes.Finally this paper proposes an algorithm based on the mobile anchor nodes. In this method we make use of the TOA (time of arrival) and the geometrical relations among unknown nodes and anchor nodes to obtaining the unknown nodes coordinate. This method is only reply on the two positions of the mobile anchor nodes to determine the location of the unknown nodes, the proposed method, thereby, reduces the spending of communication and computing in wireless sensor networks, while reducing processing complexity.更多还原