【作者】 程龙飞；

【导师】 傅玉兰；

【作者基本信息】 安徽农业大学 ， 森林培育， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 本论文以丽格海棠为材料,通过盆栽试验,对丽格海棠的无土栽培进行系统的研究。目的是要找到丽格海棠的无土栽培配套技术措施,其中包括适合丽格海棠生长的光照、温度、湿度等环境条件,适合的栽培基质、营养液以及营养液施用间隔时间。研究采用正交试验设计方法,考察了栽培基质、营养液配比、营养液浓度和营养液施用间隔时间4个因素对丽格海棠的影响。其中除了栽培基质设置了6个水平外,其他因素均设置3个水平。通过对光合速率及相关生态因子的测定。探索适合丽格海棠生长发育的温度、湿度以及光照条件;分别在幼苗期、成苗期和开花期测定各处理的株高、总叶面积、叶片数、净光合速率、叶绿素含量和可溶性糖含量等生长及生理指标,并对这些指标进行方差分析找到适合丽格海棠生长的不同生长期最佳基质配方、营养液以及其他栽培措施,为丽格海棠无土栽培提供理论依据和配套科学技术措施。使用Li-6400便携式光合作用测定系统测定出丽格海棠幼苗期的光照补偿点和饱和点是28.3gmolm^-2·s^-1和327μmolm^-2·s^-1;丽格海棠最适生长环境是温度15～28℃,空气相对湿度65%～80%,CO₂浓度200～800μL/L。所以在冬季时需要加湿加温的设施,在3～5月采用30%的遮阳网轻度遮阴,6～9月的夏季温室中高温高湿要采用70%的遮阴网和鼓风机降温,同时注意病虫害的防治。在成苗期和开花期要是到提高温度和光照,在开花前要控水,降低空气湿度,促进丽格海棠的花芽分化。试验结果表明,试验所采用的无土栽培的四个因素都是影响丽格海棠幼苗期的生长和生理指标的显著因子,选择泥炭和蛭石比例为7:3的混合基质,营养液施配比方面可以采用N:P:K:Ca:Mg:S比例为20:1:7:3:2:2营养液配比,2倍浓度的标准营养液浓度,间隔10天施肥一次的方法达到丽格海棠在幼苗其生长指标达到最理想的状态。在丽格海棠成苗阶段进行换盆,采用基质方面采用泥炭+蛭石+珍珠岩比例为3:1:1的基质,营养液可选用N:P:K:Ca:Mg:S比例为14:2:4:3:2:2营养液配比、2倍浓度的标准营养液浓度、采用每5天施肥一次、以达到各生理指标的最大增长。无土栽培四个因素对丽格海棠开花期生长指标的变化都有影响。在试验可供的基质组合中选用泥炭+蛭石+珍珠岩=3:1:1、营养液配比N:P:K:Ca:Mg:S比例为14:2:4:3:2:2营养液配比、2倍浓度的标准营养液浓度、5天施肥一次。可以使丽格海棠开花前期的生长及生理指标达到最佳。通过对丽格海棠叶绿素的分析得出,影响叶绿素含量显著的因素是基质、营养液配比、营养液浓度。采用泥炭+蛭石+珍珠岩比例为3:1:1的基质、N:P:K:Ca:Mg:S比例为20:1:7:3:2:2营养液配比、2倍浓度的标准营养液浓度、5天施肥一次可以使叶绿素含量最大。试验结果表明:基质、营养液配比、营养液浓度和营养液施用间隔时间对丽格海棠的可溶性糖含量都达到了显著水平。影响丽格海棠的无土栽培因素水平是:营养生长阶段采用泥炭+珍珠岩比例为7:3基质、N:P:K:Ca:Mg:S比例为20:1:7:3:2:2营养液配比、2倍浓度的标准营养液浓度、5天施肥一次达到最大的可溶性糖含量;而使用泥炭+蛭石+珍珠岩=3:1:1基质、N:P:K:Ca:Mg:s比例为14:2:4:3:2:2营养液配比、2倍浓度的标准营养液浓度、的生殖生长阶段可溶性糖最高。从丽格海棠花期生长指标结果可以看出,丽格海棠的初花期与总叶面积有密切关系,在开花前期,总叶面积越大的处理组合初花期越早,说明丽格海棠生长到一定生长量后才开始开花,但是营养生长可以促进丽格海棠提前开花。泥炭+蛭石+珍珠岩=3:1:1基质、N:P:K:Ca:Mg:s比例为14:2:4:3:2:2营养液配比、2倍浓度的标准营养液浓度、5天施肥一次有助于丽格海棠花期质量的提高。更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper to Rieger Begonia for the materials,through the pot experiment,Rieger Begonia to the soilless cultivation systems.Aims to find things Rieger Begonia soilless cultivation technology supporting measures,including Rieger Begonia suitable for the growth of light,temperature,humidity and other environmental conditions,suitable for the cultivation of matrix,nutrition and nutrition application interval.The experiment used an orthogonal experimental design methods,inspected the cultural matrix,the ratio of nutrition,nutrition and nutrition of time between application of four factors on the impact of Rieger Begonia.Apart from the cultural matrix of which set up 6 levels,other factors are set 3 levels.Through the photosynthetic rate and ecological factors related to the determination.Rieger Begonia explore suitable for the growth and development of temperature,humidity and light conditions in the seedling stage,and the seedling into the flowering stage of the processing plant height,the leaf area,a few leaves, the net photosynthesis and chlorophyll content,such as growth and physiological Indicators and analysis of these indicators variance Begonia Rieger found suitable for the growth of different growing season best matrix formula,nutrition and other cultivation measures,Rieger Begonia soilless cultivation provide a theoretical basis and supporting scientific and technological measures.The use of Li-6400 portable photosynthesis of a system of the seedling stage Rieger Begonia light compensation point and saturation point is 28.3μmolm^-2·S^-1and 327mmolm^-2·s^-1;Rieger Begonia optimum growth environment temperature of 15～28℃,the humidity of the air 65%～80%,CO₂ concentration of 200-800μL/L.So in the winter when heating needs wetting of the facilities,in 3 to May with 30 percent of the shade net mild shade,6 to 9 months in the hot and humid summer greenhouse to be used 70 percent of the net and blower cooling shade,At the same time pay attention to prevention and treatment of diseases and pests.In the seedling stage and the flowering period as if to raise the temperature and light,before flowering in controlling water,reducing air humidity,and promote the Rieger Begonia flower bud differentiation.The results show that the test used by the soilless cultivation of the four factors that are affecting the seedling stage Rieger Begonia physiological indicators of growth and a significant factor,the choice of peat and vermiculite mixed ratio of 7:3 in the matrix,The nutrition liquid application allocated proportion aspect may used N:P:K:Ca:Mg:S=20:1:7 :3:2:2,2 times the standard concentration of nutrient solution concentration,spacing the first 10 days of fertilization methods to achieve the seedlings Rieger Begonia.Its growth target to achieve the ideal state.Rieger Begonia in the seedling stage changing a basin.uses peat+pearlite=7:3 matrix, the nourishing cream may select N:P:K:Ca:Mg:S=14:2:4:3:2:2,2 time of density standard nourishing cream density,to use every 5 days to apply fertilizer one time,achieves various physiological target the biggest growth.Soilless cultivation of the four factors Rieger Begonia flowering stage of growth indicators in terms of impact.During the trial for the matrix in the portfolio selection peat+lennilite+perlite vermiculite=3:1:1,nutrition ratio of N:P:K:Ca:Mg:S=14:2:4:3:2:2,2 times the standard concentrationof nutrient solution concentration,five days a fertilizer. Rieger Begonia flower can advance the growth and physiological indicators of the best.Based on the analysis of chlorophyll Rieger Begonia that affect significantly the chlorophyll content is the matrix,the ratio of nutrient solution,the concentration of nutrient solution.Use of peat+lennilite+perlite vermiculite=3:1:1 perlite the matrix, N:P:K:Ca:Mg:S=20:1:7:3:2:2 nutrition ratio,2 times the concentration of standards Nutrient solution concentrations can make the biggest chlorophyll content.The results showed that:matrix,the ratio of nutrition,nutrition and nutrient solution concentration of time between the application of the Rieger Begonia soluble sugar content has reached significant levels.Rieger Begonia impact on the level of soilless cultivation factors:vegetative growth stages of peat+perlite vermiculite=7:3 matrix,N:P:K:Ca:Mg:S= 20:1:7:3:2:2 nutrition Ratio of,2 times the standard concentration of nutrient solution concentration,five days a fertilizer for maximum soluble sugar content of the use of peat+lennilite+perlite vermiculite=3:1:1 perlite matrix,N:P:K:Ca:Mg:S=14:2:4:3:2:2 nutrition ratio,2 times the standardconcentration of nutrient solution concentration,the reproductive growth stage of the highest soluble sugar.Rieger Begonia flowering period from the results of the growth indicators can be seen, Rieger Begonia the early flowering period and the total leaf area closely related to the preflowering,the greater the area of the combination treatment early flowering earlier,that growth to a certain Rieger Begonia Growth until after the flowering,but can promote vegetative growth ahead of Rieger Begonia flower.Peat+lennilite+perlite vermiculite=3:1:1 matrix,N:P:K:Ca:Mg:S=14:2:4:3:2:2 nutrition ratio,2 times the standard concentration of nutrient solution concentration,five days a fertilizer Rieger Begonia help improve the quality of flowering period.更多还原