【作者】 秦璐璐；

【导师】 魏建忠； 吴金节；

【作者基本信息】 安徽农业大学 ， 预防兽医学， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 本实验针对合肥某规模化奶牛场,通过流行病学调查,研究隐性和临床型乳房炎的发病率,并对临床型乳房炎的致病菌进行分离鉴定和药敏试验,探讨奶牛隐性和临床型乳房炎的发病情况、主要致病菌的类型,抗生素对乳房炎的致病菌的抑制效果,科学地指导临床用药,治疗乳房炎疾病。通过流行病学调查可知,该牛场临床型乳房炎发病率按照左前、左后、右前、右后分别为5.26%、6.27%、4.81%、7.87%。前后乳区发病率经卡方检验,其P=0.2062>0.05;左右乳区发病率经卡方检验,其P=0.798>0.05,说明四个乳区临床型乳房炎发病率差别不大。隐性乳房炎按照左前、左后、右前、右后发病率分别为16.92%、10.70%、11.11%、17.23%。前后乳区发病率经卡方检验,其P>0.05;左右乳区发病率经卡方检验,其P>0.05,说明四个乳区隐性乳房炎发病率差别不大。总乳房炎发病率按照左前、左后、右前、右后发病率分别为22.18%、16.97%、15.92%、25.1%。前后乳区发病率经卡方检验,P=0.4641>0.05;左右乳区发病率经卡方检验,P=0.7488>0.05,说明四个乳区总乳房炎发病率差异不显著。不同月份临床型乳房炎发病率经卡方检验,其P<0.001;不同月份隐性乳房炎发病率经卡方检验,其P<0.001;不同月份总乳房炎发病率经卡方检验,其P<0.001。总的来说,炎热的夏季和季节转换的时候发病率比较高。乳房炎发病率与胎次也有一定关系,乳房炎发病率随着胎次的增加,呈现一种增高的趋势。在临床型乳房炎的30份乳样中共检出43株细菌,包括葡萄球菌、肠杆菌、真菌三大类。其中大肠杆菌11株,占18.60%;变形杆菌2株,占4.65%;志贺氏菌1株,占2.33%;真菌26株,占60.47%;金黄色葡萄球菌4株,占9.30%;表皮葡萄球菌2株,占4.65%。此次乳房炎主要由真菌引起的。药敏试验结果表明,大肠杆菌对氨苄青霉素、头孢曲松钠、环丙沙星、氟哌酸高敏。此次所分离的热带假丝酵母菌对酮康唑和制霉菌素敏感。金黄色葡萄球菌对丁胺卡那霉素、庆大霉素、恩诺沙星、先锋霉素Ⅳ、头孢曲松钠、利福平高敏。变形杆菌对丁胺卡那霉素、链霉素高敏。志贺氏菌对恩诺沙星、先锋霉素Ⅳ、头孢曲松钠、环丙沙星、利福平、氟哌酸高敏。我们在对奶牛乳房炎进行治疗时,应根据药敏试验的结果,采用联合用药的方针,避免产生耐药性。更多还原

【Abstract】 The intension of this study is to find out the leading pathogens causing bovine subclinical and clinical mastitis and effective treatments to certain pathogens. In order to know the incidence of bovine subclinical and clinical mastitis, we investigated the cattle farm in HeFei.In the epidemiologic investigation, the incidence of bovine clinical mastitis were 5.26%、6.27%、4.81%、7.87% in four different sections. By SARS, the difference was not markedness between forword and back(P=0.2062>0.05);the difference was not markedness between left and right (P=0.798>0.05),so the difference was not markedness in four different sections. The incidence of bovine subclinical mastitis wre16.92%、10.70%、11.11%、17.23% in four differents sections. By SARS,the difference was not markedness between forword and back( P>0.05); the difference was not markedness between left and right (P>0.05), so the difference was not markedness in four different sections.The incidence of bovine mastitis were 22.18%、16.97%、15.92%、25.1% in four differents sections. By SARS,the difference was not markedness between forword and back( P>0.05); the difference was not markedness between left and right (P>0.05), so the difference was not markedness in four different sections.The incidence of bovine mastitis has affinity about month. By SARS, the difference was markedness (P<0.001)in different months of bovine clinical mastitis,also the difference was markedness (P<0.001)in different months of bovine subclinical mastitis, the difference was markedness (P<0.001)in different months of bovine mastitis. Summer and season conversion, the incidence of bovine mastitis was high.The incidence of bovine mastitis has some relationship about breeding times.The breeding times increasing, the incidence of bovine mastitis was high. 43 bacterial strains were isolated form 30 milk samples of clinical mastitis, including Staphylococcus,Enterobacteriaceae, Fungus. E. coli were 11strains(18.60%), Proteus were 2strains(4.65%),Shigellawas 1 strain(2.33%), epiphyte were 26strains(60.47%), Staph. aureus 4 strains (9.30%), Staph. Epidermidis 2 strains (4.65%).,The leading pathogen causing bovine subclinical and clinical mastitis was epiphyte.The drug susceptibility testing indicates that, Ampicillin, Rocephin, Cifran, Brazan had good inhibitory effect on E.coli.. Ketoconazole Capsules, Nystatin had good inhibitory effect on epiphyte, Amikacin Sulfate, Gentamycin Sulphate CAS, Enrofloxacin, Cefalexin, Rocephin, RFP had good inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus Aureus. Amikacin Sulfate , streptomycin had good inhibitory effect on Proteus. Enrofloxacin, Cefradine, Rocephin, Cifran, RFP, Brazan had good inhibitory effect on Shigellawas.We cure bovine mastitis, should use sensitivity druggery together.更多还原