【作者】 郝焰平；

【导师】 黄庆丰；

【作者基本信息】 安徽农业大学 ， 森林培育， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 群落生物量是评价森林植物群落生产力高低和潜在生产大小的重要指标,也是研究森林生态系统生物群落、生产结构及功能过程的定量依据。本研究以安徽省青阳县酉华和朱备两个研究地天然次生落叶阔叶林为研究对象,选择2块不同海拔和坡向的大样地,采用平均标准木法和全收获法分别测定乔木层、灌木层和草本层林分生物量。在此基础上,分析不同落叶阔叶林林分生物量及其生产力;同时,根据标准木解析数据建立不同林木因子（直径、树高和材积）生长模型,并分析各树种林木因子生长规律,结果如下:（1）两种落叶阔叶林均以麻栎为优势树种的天然次生落叶阔叶林,主要伴生树种有小叶栎、枫香、白栎和榉树等。酉华乡为麻栎、小叶栎和枫香为主的天然次生落叶阔叶林,三树种株数组成比例为50%:27%:23%;朱备镇为麻栎、榉树和白栎组成的次生落叶阔叶林,三树种株数组成比例为79.4%:14.4%:6.2%。（2）两种落叶阔叶林林分年龄均为46年,林分直径结构呈正态偏右分布特征,即具有同龄林林分直径结构。酉华乡麻栎的径阶主要分布在24cm-34cm之间,占整个麻栎径阶的70%;小叶栎则主要分布在20cm-30cm之间,占整个小叶栎的56%;枫香主要分布在10cm-20cm之间,占整个枫香的90%。朱备研究地麻栎的径阶主要分布在20cm-30cm之间,占整个麻栎径阶的66%;榉树主要分布在14cm径阶,占整个榉树的50%;白栎主要分布在12cm-18cm径阶,占整个白栎的79%。（3）两种落叶阔叶林地上部分生物量分层研究表明,乔木层生物量>灌木层>草本层;乔木层生物量占地上生物量的绝大部分,酉华乡和朱备镇分别为93. 43%和94.64 %;灌木层次之,分别占林分地上部分生物量的6.53%和5.32%;草本层生物量很少,只占林分地上部分生物量的0.04%。（4）乔木层单木和林分地上部分生物量构成均是干生物量>枝>叶;酉华乡麻栎、小叶栎与枫香混交林乔木层地上部分总生物量为233.368t/hm2,其中:麻栎地上部分生物量为148.6717t/hm2,占乔木层地上部分总生物量的63.7%;小叶栎为77.3783 t/hm2,占乔木层地上部分总生物量的33.2%;枫香为7.3178 t/hm2,占乔木层地上部分总生物量的3.1%。由此可见,麻栎是该阔叶混交林地上部分生物量的主体。麻栎、小叶栎、枫香三树种干生物量占林分乔木生物量比例依次是麻栎>小叶栎>枫香,分别是56.0%、28.2%和2.5%;三树种枝、叶生物量占林分乔木层总生物量的比例也是麻栎>小叶栎>枫香。朱备镇林分乔木总生物量为261.0424 t/hm2,总体大于酉华乡麻栎林分乔木生物量,也是干生物量大于枝、大于叶生物量,且干生物量是构成林分乔木生物量的主体,其次是枝生物量,而叶生物量无论是单木还是林分其所占的比例都很小。（5）两种麻栎落叶阔叶林类型林下灌木较多,以淡竹、乌药、野茉莉为优势种,另外还有杜鹃、六月雪和山胡椒等,酉华乡灌木层地上部分生物量为16.294t/hm2,朱备镇为14.684t/hm2。草本植物较少,种类也不多,主要种类有禾叶土麦冬、禾米草、金线草、胡枝子等;草本层平均生物量为0.1t/hm2,占林分总生物量的0.04%,其中:酉华乡草本层地上部分生物量为0.11t/hm2,朱备镇为0.09t/hm2。（6）两种麻栎阔叶林各层总平均年净生产力分别为7.92t·hm^-2·a^-1、8.63t·hm^-2·a^-1。其中:酉华乡乔木层年平均净生产力达7.46t·hm^-2·a^-1,占总平均净生产力的94.2%,灌木层为0.35t·hm^-2·a^-1,占4.4%,草本层为0.11t·hm^-2·a^-1,占1.4%。朱备镇乔木层年平均净生产力达8.22t·hm^-2·a^-1,占总平均净生产力的95.2%,灌木层为0.32t·hm^-2·a^-1,占3.7%,草本层为0.09t·hm^-2·a^-1,占1.1%。在乔木层中,酉华乡乔木层的树干年平均净生产力为4.4t·hm^-2·a^-1,树叶为3.06 t·hm^-2·a^-1,各器官年平均净生产力大小排序为树干>树叶;朱备镇乔木层的树干年平均净生产力为4.56t·hm^-2·a^-1,树叶为3.66 t·hm^-2·a^-1,各器官年平均净生产力大小排序为树干>树叶。（7）理查德方程（Richards）拟合林木树高、胸径、带皮材积、去皮材积生长模型最佳;栎类林木生长模型分别为:H=24.7636/（（1-0.472312*EXP（-0.085921*A））^（1/-0.163019））D=36.3286/（（1-1.0342*EXP（-0.039133*A））^（1/-0.626634））V_带皮=1.0554/（（1+0.003545*EXP（-0.057847*A））^（1/0.000485））V_去皮=0.913884/（（1+0.004419*EXP（-0.057735*A））^（1/0.000605））（8）栎类树高连年生长量14年时达到最大值为0.85m,而平均生长量在20年时达到最大值,为0.72m;胸径连年生长量在14年时达到最大值,为0.79cm,平均生长量24年时达到最大值,为0.66cm。带皮材积连年生长量在34年时达到最大值,为0.0224m3;去皮材积的连年生长量在36年时达到最大值,为0.0194m3;带皮材积和去皮材积连年生长量曲线与平均生长量曲线在46年内仍未相交,说明46年时林木仍然未到达数量成熟。更多还原

【Abstract】 Community biomass is the key indicators of estimating the productive forces of forest vegetation and potential productivity ,and also the quantitative basis of the research on forest ecosystems, biome , structure and function of the production process. In this study, the objects of study are the two natural secondary deciduous broad-leaved forest in You-Hua and Zhu-Bei in Qingyang county in Anhui Province.Firstly,2 standards with different elevation and aspect are slected,secondly,tree layer adopts the method of the average biomass, shrub layer and herb layer adopt harvesting quadrat methods to get calculation of forest biomass. Based on this, analysis different deciduous broadleaved mixed forest biomass and productive forces; At the same time, according to the standard wooden analysis data establishment different forest factor （diameter, tree is high and timber volume） the growth model, and analyzes various tree seeds forest factor growth rule,the results as follows:（1）Two kind of deciduous broadleaved mixed forest take the quercus acutissima as the superiority tree ’s natural secondary fallen leaf foliage forest, the main accompanying tree type have the quercus chenii nakai, the Liquidambar formosana, the quercus albus and the Zelkova serrata and so on. In You-Hua town,the quercus acutissima, quercus chenii nakai and the Liquidambar formosana holds the deciduous broadleaved mixed forest primarily, three tree seed number composition proportion is 50%:27%:23%; Zhu-Bei town for the quercus acutissima, the Liquidambar formosana and the quercus albus composition’s the deciduous broadleaved mixed forest, three tree seed number composition proportion is 79.4%:14.4%:6.2%.（2） Two kind of deciduous broadleaved mixed forest’s age is 46 years, the diameter structure assumes the normal right distribution characteristic, namely has the same age forest diameter structure.You-Hua research area quercus acutissima’s diameter step mainly distributes between 24cm and 34cm, occupies the entire quercus acutissima diameter step 70%, quercus chenii nakai mainly distributes between 20cm and 30cm, occupies the entire quercus chenii nakai tree 56%, liquidambar formosana mainly distributes between 10cm and 20cm, occupies the entire liquidambar formosana 90%; Zhu-Bei research area quercus acutissima the diameter step mainly to distribute between 20cm and 30cm, occupies the entire quercus acutissima diameter step 66%, the pointed zelkova mainly distributes in 14cm diameter steps, occupies the entire pointed zelkova 50%, the quercus albus mainly distributes in 12cm-18cm diameter steps, occupies the entire quercus albus 79%.（3） Two deciduous broadleaved mixed forest biomass on the ground stratification studies have shown that the biomass of tree layer> shrub layer> herb layer; tree layer biomass accounts for the vast majority of aboveground biomass, You-Hua and Zhu-Bei respectively is 93. 43% and 94.64%; shrub layer, with respective shares of the stand biomass of aerial parts of 6.53% and 5.32%; little herb layer biomass, account for only part of the ground stand biomass of 0.04%.（4） Tree layer and the stand alone wood biomass on the ground constitute biomass were trunk> branch> leaf; in You-Hua township, lobular mixed forest of Quercus acutissima、quercus chenii nakai and liquidambar formosana on the ground floor as part of total biomass is 233.368t/hm2, of which: quercus acutissima ground biomass for 148.6717t/hm2, aerial parts of the tree layer accounted for the total biomass of 63.7%; quercus chenii nakai for 77.3783 t/hm2, accounting for some of the tree layer biomass on the ground 33.2%; liquidambar for 7.3178 t/hm2, aerial parts of the tree layer accounted for the total biomass of 3.1%. This shows that quercus acutissima is the broad-leaved mixed forest on the floor of the main part of biomass. quercus acutissima, quercus chenii nakai and liquidambar three tree species stand dry biomass ratio of tree biomass, followed by quercus acutissima> quercus chenii nakai > liquidambar, namely 56.0%, 28.2% and 2.5%; three trees branch and leaf biomass Stand the tree layer the ratio of total biomass is quercus acutissima> quercus chenii nakai > liquidambar. Zhu-Bei town stands for the total biomass of trees 261.0424 t/hm2, the whole is greater than unitary quercus acutissima forest You-Hua tree biomass, stem biomass is greater than the branches, more than leaf biomass, stem biomass and constitute the lam sub-tree biomass of the main, followed by the branch biomass, and leaf biomass of both the individual tree or stand of its very small proportion.（5） Quercus acutissima two types of deciduous broad-leaved forest understory shrub more to phyllostachys Lindera obtusilob and Styrax are dominant species, as well as rhododendrons, serissa and lindera, shrub layer biomass on the ground in You-Hua is 16.294t/hm2, Zhu-Bei town is 14.684t/hm2. Small herbaceous plants, species have not been too many, the main types of liriope, oplismenus, antenoron, lespedeza, etc.; The average herb layer biomass is 0.1t/hm2, stand total biomass accounted for 0.04%, of which: You-Hua rural parts of the ground herb layer biomass is 0.11t/hm2, Zhu-Bei is 0.09t/hm2. （6） The total average annual net productivity of two broad-leaved forests are 7.92t·hm^-2·a^-1、8.63t·hm^-2·a^-1. The annual net productivity in tree layer is 7.46t·hm^-2·a^-1,reaching 94.2% of the total average net productivity in You-Hua, in shrub layer is 0.35t·hm^-2·a^-1,reaching 4.4% of the total average net productivity, and in herb layer is 0.11t·hm^-2·a^-1,reaching 1.4% of the total average net productivity . In Zhu-Bei,the total average annual net productivity in tree layer is 8.22t·hm^-2·a^-1,reaching 95.2% of the total average net productivity, in shrub layer is 0.32t·hm^-2·a^-1,reaching 3.7% of the total average net productivity,and in herb layer is 0.09t·hm^-2·a^-1,reaching 1.1% of the total average net productivity. The average annual net productivity of tree trunks in the tree layer in You-Hua’s is 4.4t·hm^-2·a^-1, leaves is 3.06 t·hm^-2·a^-1, the average net productivity of organs is trunks> leaves; Zhu-Bei’s average annual net productivity of tree trunks is the 4.56t·hm^-2·a^-1, leaves is 3.66 t·hm^-2·a^-1, the average net productivity of organs is trunks> leaves.（7） Richards equation fitting tree height, DBH, skin volume, peeled volume is the best growth model; Quercus acutissima growth model categories are as follows:H=24.7636/（（1-0.472312*EXP（-0.085921*A））^（1/-0.163019））D=36.3286/（（1-1.0342*EXP（-0.039133*A））^（1/-0.626634））V_skin=1.0554/（（1+0.003545*EXP（-0.057847*A））^（1/0.000485））V_peel=0.913884/（（1+0.004419*EXP（-0.057735*A））^（1/0.000605））（8） Quercus tree height growth year after year for 14 years to achieve the maximum 0.85m, while the average growth rate in 20 years to achieve the maximum value for the 0.72m; DBH growth year after year when the 14-year maximum for the 0.79cm, the average growth to achieve the maximum 24 years for the 0.66cm. Skin volume growth year after year when the 34-year maximum for 0.0224m3; peeled volume growth in the years to achieve the maximum 36 years for 0.0194m3; skin volume and peeled volume growth year after year and the average curve growth curve of intersection in 46 years has yet to show for 46 years when the number of trees has not yet arrived at maturity.更多还原