【作者】 王慧；

【导师】 马传喜； 朴钟泽；

【作者基本信息】 安徽农业大学 ， 作物遗传育种， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 植酸通常与Ca2+、Mg2+、Zn2+、Fe3+、Mn2+等阳离子形成不能被人体和非反刍动物吸收利用的盐,因此,植酸普遍被认为是谷物籽粒中重要的抗营养成分和造成环境P富营养化的重要原因之一。本实验利用不同类型的水稻品种和构建的完全双列杂交群体,系统地分析了植酸含量在品种间、籽粒不同部位间积累差异和植酸含量性状的一般配合力和特殊配合力等遗传效应;通过籽粒灌浆时期动态取样方法,分析了不同品种、不同器官氮、磷、钾积累和转移对籽粒植酸积累的影响以及品种间动态差异;利用植酸含量差异较大的水稻品种中花11和LPA构建的F2代群体,对植酸含量性状的QTL进行分析,在染色体连锁图谱上初步定位了控制籽粒内植酸含量的QTL,并进行了基因互作分析。主要研究结果总结如下:1.对水稻籽粒不同部位植酸含量及其与稻米主要品质间的相关性进行比较分析,供试13个水稻品种米糠、糙米、颖壳、精米的植酸含量平均值分别为48.51、9.77、1.40和0.91 mg/g,而且水稻品种间籽粒不同部位的植酸含量存在极显著差异。在籽粒中,米糠中植酸积累最多,其次是精米,颖壳最少。米糠中植酸含量与糙米和颖壳中植酸含量呈极显著正相关。糙米和米糠中植酸含量与粗蛋白均呈显著的负相关,与千粒重均呈显著正相关。2.完全双列杂交群体中,在供试组合中水稻籽粒植酸含量受加性效应和非加性效应以及细胞质效应的共同作用,而且加性效应占优势,反交效应均大于非加性效应。一般配合力(GCA)效应品种间表现各异,其中冷水谷亲本呈正向一般配合力效应,而沈农265负向一般配合力效应,均呈极显著水平。植酸含量杂种一代的表现与一般配合力无明显的相关性,但受特殊配合力的影响,表明利用亲本值和一般配合力很难正确预测杂种优势。特殊配合力(SCA)优良的组合,其亲本自身表现不一定优良,与一般配合力(GCA)也没有明显的相互关系。3.水稻籽粒灌浆过程中乳熟期和成熟期籽粒内的植酸含量间有很高正相关趋势,成熟期籽粒内的植酸含量与乳熟期和成熟期籽粒内的氮、磷、钾含量均呈正相关,与抽穗期和成熟期叶片内的氮素含量呈显著的正相关,与抽穗期鞘内的氮含量、乳熟期茎内的钾含量以及成熟期茎内的磷含量均呈显著的负相关。成熟期籽粒内的植酸含量与灌浆期的茎、叶、鞘干物质含量,都表现高度的负的相关关系。4.水稻籽粒植酸含量呈现接近正态的单峰连续分布,所考察的粒型、千粒重性状也均呈现接近正态的单峰连续分布,说明这些性状是由多基因控制的数量性状。5.构建了一张包含126个SSR标记和4个STS标记,覆盖水稻基因组约1522.9cM,标记间平均距离为11.71cM。6.利用贝叶斯方法,共检测到3个与植酸含量有关的QTL,它们分布在第3、5、6染色体上,对表型变异的解释范围为4.62-8.02%,2logBF范围为3.6-5.23;位于这三个染色体的QTL均来自亲本LPA的等位基因提供增效作用。与籽粒长度、籽粒宽度相关的QTL分别为6个,分布于3,5,6,7,11,12和1,2,5,7,8,10染色体上,对表型变异的解释范围分别为1.16%-11.30%,4.41%-10.89%,与千粒重相关的QTL有3个,分布于1,3,8染色体上,对表型变异的解释范围为1.49%-12.45%。7.检测到10对两位点上位性效应影响籽粒植酸含量的QTL,分布于水稻1、3、5、6、11五条染色体片段上,互作效应值变幅为1.69～5.18,其表型变异的解释率范围为8.67%-24.73%。更多还原

【Abstract】 Phytic acid (PA) is the primary storage form of phosohorus (P) in cereal seeds; it chelates important minerals such as Ca2+、Mg2+、Zn2+、Fe3+、Mn2+ and virtually renders them indigestible by human and non-ruminant animals. Therefore, PA is commonly regarded as the major anti-nutritional component in cereal grains and can result in P pollution. Phytic acid accumulation difference at different position in rice,and generally the combining ability (GCA) effects and special combining ability effects were analyzed by complete diallel cross. Phytic acid accumulation was effected by N、P、K accumulation and metastasis at different organ and dynamic difference in different types of rice by using grouting period dynamic sampling method. F2 population was destructed by Zhonghua11 and LPA which there were great difference. Preliminary orientation QTL which controlled phytic acid content on chromosome linkage map, gene interaction effects was analyzed.The results were summaried as follows:1. Phytic acid contents in different parts of grain and rice quality traits were analyzed by using different types of rice. The average phytic acid contents in rice bran, brown rice, glume, and milled rice was 48.51, 9.77, 1.40 and 0.91 mg/g, respectively. Phytic acid contents in different parts of grain for different types of rice had a significant difference. The order of the phytic acid accumulation was as follows: rice bran>milled rice>glume. The phytic acid content in rice bran had a significantly positive correlation with those in brown rice and glume. The phytic acid contents in brown rice and rice bran both had significantly negative correlation with the protein content in rice, and significantly positive correlation with 1000-grain weight.2. In completely diallel hybridization population, PA was influenced by additive, non–additive effects and the cytoplasm effects, and mainly by additive effects. Generally the combining ability (GCA) effects was varied between varieties, Lengshuigu showed positive general combining ability effects, but Shennong265 showed negative general combining ability effects, both showed high significantly levels. Phytate content expression of F1 hybrid were not correlated with general combining ability effects, but was influenced by the special combining ability effects, was indicated that the performance and GCA effects for its parents could not be used to forecast the heterosis in hybrid rice. The crosses with larger specific combining ability effects did not exhibit high phytic acid content compared to their parents and were not correlated with crosses with good general combining ability effects. 3. The phytic acid contents between milk stage and maturity had a highly positive correlation trend of grain-filling in rice grain, phytic acid contents in maturity had positive correlation with N、P、K content in milk stage and maturity, and significantly positive correlation with N content in leaves in heading date and maturity, had significantly negatively correlation among N content in sheath in heading date, and K content in stem in milk stage, and P content in stem in maturity, and dry matter content in leaves , sheath, stem in filling stage.4. Phytic acid contents in rice and the important agronomic were continuously distributed as almost normally in F2, which were quantitative traits controlled by multiple genes.5. A molecular linkage map of 126 SSR and 4 STS markers was constructed, and covered a total length of 1522.9cM with an average distance of 11.71cM between adjacent markers in rice genome.6. Three QTL related to phytic acid content in rice seed were detected with Bayesian model selection. These located on chromosome 3, 5, 6, which explained 4.62%-8.02% of observed phenotypic variation, and the 2logBF variation is 3.6-5.23. The three positive alleles were from the parent“LPA”. Six QTL for grain length and width was respectively located on chromosome 3, 5, 6, 7, 11, 12 and 1, 2, 5, 7, 8, 10, which respectively explained 1.16%-11.30%, 4.41%-10.89%, Three QTL for 1000-grain weight was located on chromosome 1, 3, 8, which explained 1.49%-12.45%.7. Ten pairs epistasis interaction effects effected phytic acid contents had been detected, which was located on chromosome 1, 3, 5, 6, 11, which explained 8.67%～24.73%. Interaction effects amplitude 1.69～5.18.更多还原