【作者】 石莉颖；

【导师】 张璐；

【作者基本信息】 华东政法大学 ， 法律， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 随着中国国民经济的快速发展,土壤开发强度越来越大,向土壤排放污染物也越来越多,土壤污染日益严重。防治土壤污染,保护有限的土地资源,确保土地安全已经当务之急,运用法律手段防治土壤污染已成必须。但是我国目前防治土壤污染的法律基本上是一项空白。尽管中国现行法律中有一些零星规定,但分散而不系统,缺乏可操作性的具体法律制度,且没有相关法律责任的规定。针对我国严峻的土壤污染现状和现行我国土壤污染防治法律体系的漏洞,我们应当借鉴其它国家和地区相对完善的土壤污染法律制度,以弥补我国法律的空白,达到完善我国土壤污染防治法律体系逐渐完善的目的,构建适用中国国情的土壤污染防治法律制度。本论文共分三大部分,具体安排如下：第一部分：介绍了土壤污染的危害、土壤污染的概念、特点以及我国土壤污染的现状。本文分析了我国现行土壤污染防治立法现状,即现行土壤污染防治的法律条款多是原则性、概括性的规定,形式分散,缺乏统一而系统的规定缺乏明确的法律责任的规定。鉴于当前土壤污染防治工作的现状与我国土壤环境面临的严峻形势不相适应,构建适合中国国情的土壤污染防治法律制度非常必要。第二部分：介绍了美国、英国、东南亚国家(主要是日本和韩国)以及我国台湾地区的土壤污染防治立法及其法律制度。这些国家和地区的土壤污染防治立法都规定了严格的法律责任、注重发挥政府职能部门的管理责任、建立土壤污染防治法配套法律和标准,并且吸收大量社会资金,对污染土地的整治实行市场化管理。针对我国严峻的土壤污染现状和现行我国土壤污染防治法律体系的漏洞,我们应当借鉴其它国家和地区相对完善的土壤污染法律制度,以弥补我国法律的空白,达到完善我国土壤污染防治法律体系逐渐完善的目的。第三部分：目前,制定一部我国的土壤污染防治法已被提上议事日程,而在关于土壤污染法律制度的构建方面确是空白,如何对这些制度进行设计,其内容应当怎样确立,这些制度如何运行等将是本文所要讨论的关键问题。笔者认为土壤污染防治法律制度的设计要按照环境保护法的基本原则以及土壤污染立法的基本原则进行,即预防原则、可持续发展原则、污染者付费原则,同时借鉴国外有关土壤污染的立法的成熟制度,并针对土壤污染的特点进行制度设计。由此,我国土壤污染防治立法中应当从行政管制措施、经济激励、公众参与和责任追究四个方面确立进行法律制度的设计。本文详细的对这些制度的构建进行了设想和分析。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the rapid economic development, the soil is widely developed and more and more pollutants discharged into soil, which pollutes the soil severely. It is essential by law measures to prevent soil contamination and protect limited land resources. However, the law on soil contamination is basically a blank in China. Though some sporadic, non-systemic provisions on soil pollution prevention and control, the current legal requirements are unfeasible due to lack of detailed law system and not involving legal liabilities.In the view of serious soil pollution situation and defect of current law system, we should reference consummated soil pollution control law of other countries and regions to make up the blank in the law, improve soil pollution prevention and control legal system and build law system suitable for China.This paper consists of three chapters as follows:Chapter One:This section introduces hazards, concept and current status of soil pollution in China. It reviews available legal requirements on soil pollution control law in China. The current legal requirements scattered in other environmental protection laws is of principles, scattered, no requirements on legal liabilities. In the view that the legislation is far behind serious soil pollution status in China, it is necessary to build soil pollution prevention and control law system suitable for China.Chapter 2:This section briefs legislations of soil pollution prevention and control in USA, British, East Asia (mainly Japan and South Korea) and Taiwan. The legal requirements on soil pollution and control in above countries and regions define strict liability, strengthen administration by government, set up implementation details and technical standards, introduce social fund to treatment and management soil contamination via marketing measures. We should use other countries and regions’ experience for reference to make up blank in the law.Chapter 3:Currently, it is under the pipeline to constituting Chinese soil pollution prevention and control law. This paper put forward solutions and suggestions on how to design law system, what to include in the system and how to implement the system. The law system of soil pollution prevention and control should be designed under the guidance of environmental protection principles, namely prevention, continuous development and polluter pay with consideration of nature of soil contamination. Consequently, it is recommended that Chinese law system of soil pollution prevention and control be constituted to take administration measures, economy incentives, public participation and legal liabilities into account. This paper provides details on the proposed system.更多还原