【作者】 吴琼；

【导师】 周志翔；

【作者基本信息】 华中农业大学 ， 园林植物与观赏园艺， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 城市是人类聚集产生的环境,随着城市化进程的加快,城市中的环境问题日益严重。为了改善城市环境,将森林引进城市、在城市中建立城市森林生态网络系统的呼声越来越强烈。在城市总体规划与建设中,由于种种原因,我国城市森林缺乏合理的整体结构,在建设中,一些原有的城市绿地和都市森林被征占和毁坏,给形成整体规模的城市森林的规划建设带来困难,导致城市森林局部的结构松散、布局不合理。因此,如何从景观生态学的角度对城市森林的结构进行分析评价并对其进行规划指导,已成为当前城市森林建设中亟待解决的问题。本研究以武汉市2007年4月TM遥感影像为主要数据源,GIS与景观格局分析相结合,以生态学原理为指导,现代林业与城市绿地规划理论为基础,对武汉市城市森林总体布局及其结构进行景观分析与综合评价,依据城市森林建设理论、景观生态学相关理论和景观规划理论提出一个功能完善、布局合理的城市森林建设模式,最后探讨了为达到这一理想的城市森林布局模式,需要对城市森林现状布局做出的规划调整。主要研究结果如下:1、对研究区内的各类景观要素进行了斑块水平指数和景观水平指数的分析,发现:景观类型总体发展不平衡,整个市域是以农用地、水体等少数景观类型构建起来的景观格局,其它景观类型面积小,连通性差,破碎化程度高。城市森林总量贫乏,仅占市域土地面积的11.96%,其中85.41%集中在远郊的山体和丘陵区;受城市建设等人为活动的强烈干扰,城市森林在主城区的分布仅2.97%,且缺少有内部生境的大面积斑块,小型斑块比重大、且斑块密度大、斑块破碎化严重。景观水平上,市域景观多样性较高,均匀度一般,其中城市近郊的多样性指数和均匀度指数数值均为最大,主城区次之,远郊最低。总体上城市森林分布不均匀,缺乏互通性,不利于物种的交流,对武汉市城市环境改善的作用体现不足。不同研究范围内各粒级斑块的分布情况为:远郊分布着小斑块总数量的84.10%、中斑块的83.73%、大斑块的85.99%、巨型斑块的66.15%,主城区各粒级斑块数量百分比均不足10%,城市近郊分布着不足20%的城市森林斑块;城市森林的主要景观类型为防护林和经济生产林,二者面积之和达到了城市森林总量的75%,景观游憩林和特种用途林各自所占的比例均不足10%。目前斑块的分布和景观结构不均衡,非常不利于城市森林生态功能的发挥。2、根据本研究建立的城市森林景观结构评价指标体系,武汉市城市森林结构综合评价指标值为0.3247,处于第Ⅳ级水平,属于城市森林结构不合理、布局较差的程度。3、以林网——水网一体化为规划理念,通过绿点、绿线、绿面的结合,在市域范围内提出“两轴、两环、三网、多核”的城市森林总体布局,从而形成“水乡林城、生态武汉”的建设效果。规划完成后,全市城市森林覆盖率提高到25%,建成区绿化覆盖率达到40%,绿色通道率达85%,水岸绿化率达85%,自然保护区覆盖率达5%,农田林网化率提高到80%,使武汉城市生态用地得到提高,湿地覆盖率提高2%。4、按照市域城市森林结构规划的布局框架,紧紧围绕城市森林发展的总体目标,将现有各项城市森林建设工程整合为五大重点工程,具体包括三镇绿岛建设工程、九省通衢生态景观林带建设工程、百湖湿地生态建设工程、两江四岸风光带及堤防林建设工程、山体复绿及生态景观重建工程等五项工程的建设,以此实现武汉市城市森林结构布局的调整。更多还原

【Abstract】 Urban is an environment massed by people, the environmental problem is getting serious day by day with urbanization. Voice of "introducing forest into urban" and building urban forest ecology network is getting regarded recently, in particular. For various reasons, in the city’s overall planning and construction, China’s urban forest lack reasonable and holistic structure, In construction, a number of existing urban green and urban forest were requisitioned and destroyed, as a result of the phenomena,it brought difficulties to the construction of urban forest planning which had formed integer scale, and resulted in the structure loose of local urban forest. Therefore, how to analyse and evaluate and planning guidance the structure of urban forest by a perspective of landscape ecology, has now become the construction of urban forest issues requiring urgent solution.This study was based on Wuhan city in april 2007 TM remote sensing image as the main data source, adopted GIS and landscape pattern analysis, guided by ecology principles to modern forestry and urban green planning theory, analysed and synthetically evaluated the overall arrangement and landscape structure of urban forest of Wuhan city, according to theory of urban forest construction, landscape ecology and landscape planning theory to propose a fully functional, the layout of the building a reasonable model of urban forest, and finally explored to achieve this ideal model of urban forest layout, what planning adjustments needed based on the layout of urban forest status. Main research results include four aspects:1. The patch-level and landscape-level index’s analysis & estimating were made on the study region landscapes elements, the results showed that:The development of landscape types is unbalanced, a small number of landscape types such as agricultural land and water built up the landscape pattern is the entire City. Other landscape types had small size, poor connectivity, and a high degree of fragmentation. The total of urban forest is small, city accounted for only 11.96% of land area, of which 85.41% of them was on the outer suburbs of the mountain and hilly region; affected by human activities such as urban construction, the impact of strong interference, urban forest in main urban areas of the distribution is only 2.97%, and that, proportion of small patch was significant, large-area urban forests with interior habitat were lack, patch density was great and fragmentized seriously. At the landscape level, landscape diversity index was high in the entire city, evenness index was common, the outskirts of the city in which diversity index and evenness index were the largest, followed by the main urban areas, the outer were the minimum. The distribution of urban forest was uneven generally, the connectivity of interspaces is also absence which went against species intercommunion. Those were not good enough to improving Wuhan city environments as a whole.Falling within the scope of different research on grain size distribution of patches as follows: outer distribution of the total number of small patches 84.10%, middle patches 83.73%, big patches of 85.99%, 66.15% of the huge patch. The number of urban forest patches are less than 10% of all grain size in main urban areas, and less than 20% in peri-urban areas; the main landscape type of urban forest were shelter forest and production forest, the total area of them attained 75% of the whole urban forest area; the landscape forest and the special use forest , the proportion of their own were less than 10%. At present, the distribution of patches and landscape structure was unreasonable, it was not conducive to urban forest ecosystem function.2. Based on urban forest evaluating indicator system established by this research, urban forest comprehensive evaluation indices of Wuhan score for 0.3247, lay in beta IV level, belong to urban forest structure unreasonable and layout poor degree.3. The author held urban ecological patterns and needs of urban forest construction and forest-water network integration for the planning concept, through green Point, green Line, green face a combination of, designed "two axises, two rings, three net and a number of core" as the overall layout of urban forest, to form the effect of "water and forest combined, ecological Wuhan". Upon completion of the planning, the whole city’s urban forest coverage will be attained 25%, green coverage of built-up area attained 40%, green channel rate attained 85%, waterfront greening rate attained 85%,nature reserve coverage attained 5%, forest of the rate of farmland attained 80%, urban ecological land will be increased and wetland coverage will be increased 2%.4. When planning completed, the author made the layout of the existing urban forest adjustments, combined with the creation of national forests in Wuhan urban overall planning requirements, and the adjustment measures will be integrated into the main forestry projects. Including the three town of Green island construction project, nine provinces thoroughfare landscape ecological forest construction project, hundreds of lakes wetland ecological construction project, two main river with four coastal scenery and construction of embankments shelter belt and green mountain rehabilitation and reconstruction of ecological landscape, to complete the adjustment the layout and structure of urban forest by constructing these key projects.更多还原