【作者】 张明霞；

【导师】 许信胜；

【作者基本信息】 西北师范大学 ， 马克思主义理论与思想政治教育， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 随着社会经济的发展,尤其是市场化、城市化进程的加快,被征用的农村土地数量在不断增加,失地农民也越来越多。由于体制、管理和自身素质等多方面的原因,一部分农民失地又失业,成为新的弱势群体,影响社会的稳定。如何使失地的农民保持原有的生活水平不下降,使他们过上长期稳定的生活,是发展经济、稳定社会、协调城乡发展的重要问题。本文从山东省齐河县的失地农民入手,探讨失地农民的问题。文章通过问卷调查法和访谈法,了解齐河县失地农民的基本情况,了解他们所面临的问题和想法,在此基础上寻找解决问题的思路和方法。通过调查研究发现齐河县土地征用制度存在种种缺陷,首先是土地征用制度存在严重的缺陷,法律规定不完备,导致征地权力运用不规范;土地征用范围不明,公共利益扩大化;土地征用程序不合理,没有给农民提供充分参与博弈的机会,从而损害了农民的利益。其次,土地补偿的标准低、补偿方式单一、失地补偿费用分配不合理,损害了农民的利益表达和诉求权利,使他们成为“种田无地,就业无岗,低保无份”的新弱势群体。再次,农村社会保障制度尚未形成一个完整的体系,覆盖面小、保障水平低;社会保障费用缺乏,筹资渠道单一,且缺乏有效的运营和监管;失地农民就业困难重重,就业难以得到保障。我们要解决失地农民的问题,就必须改革和完善土地征用制度,建立完善的土地征用法规,规范政府的权利,明确土地征用的范围,界定公共利益的内容,改革土地征用程序,使征地制度更加合理;对失地农民的补偿要提高标准,采用多种补偿方式,补偿费用分配合理化,对土地征用补偿纠纷要引进司法救济体系;在社会保障制度方面,要建立城乡统一的社会保障体系,明确社会保障费用的资金来源、运营和监管,促进失地农民就业,维持失地农民长远的生活来源。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the socio-economic development and especially the speeding up of the market-economy and urbanization process, the quantity of land requisition in rural areas is increasing, more and more farmers are losing their lands. Because of institutional, management and their own qualities, and many other reasons, a part of farmers losing their land and becoming unemployment, have become a new vulnerable group, thus resulting in certain problems of social stability. So how the land-lost farmers can maintain their original standard of living without declining it and live on the lives of long-term stability becomes an important issue in economic development and stablization of society and coordination of urban and rural development. This study discusses the problem of land-lost farmers and probes some relative solutions in Qihe county of Shangdong province. This thesis through the questionnaire and interviews, invstigates the general condition and probes their problems and ideas of land-lost farmers in Qihe, and tries to find some solutions .The study finds that there are some kinds of land requisition system defects: First of all, there are serious shortcomings in land requisition system of Qihe . The law provides inadequate prescriptions, resulting in non-standard use of land requisition power; the unclearness of land requisition scope, the expansion of the public interest; unreasonable land requisition procedures and not providing farmers the opportunity to participate fully in the game. All these prolems cause the detriment of the farmers interests. Secondly, Low standard of land compensation, single compensation means and irrational allocation of compensation for lost land damage the interests of farmers and the demands of the rights of expression, so that they become a new vulnerable groups who become no land ,no job and no low social security. Thirdly, the rural social security system has not yet formed a complete system : the small coverage and low protection level; lack of social security costs; a single fund-raising channels, and the lack of effective operation and monitoring; land-lost farmers facing much employment difficulties and their employment hard to be guaranteed. To solve the problem of land-lost farmers, we must reform and improve the land requisition system; formulate complete land requisition laws and standardize the rights of the government; clear the scope of land requisition; define the contents of the public interest; reform land recquisition procedures. So that the land requisition system becomes more rational. We are to improve the farmer’s compensation standards, to employ a variety of ways of compensation, to rationalize the distribution of compensation costs, to introduce judicial relief system for land acquisition compensation disputes . In the social security system , it is necessary to set up a unified urban and rural social security system; to clear the sources of social security funding, operation and supervision; to promote the employment of land-lost farmers and to maintain long-term sources of livelihood.更多还原