【作者】 张斯；

【导师】 马放； 杨基先；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 环境科学与工程， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 在废水处理过程中,直接投加菌体虽然简单易行,但是所投加的特效菌体容易流失,或被其他微生物吞噬。固定化微生物技术可以将游离的微生物固定在载体上,使其高度密集并保持活性,使废水处理系统高效、稳定地运行。菌丝球是发酵过程中自然形成的一种微生物颗粒,它生物活性良好、沉降速度快、易于固液分离,能够较好地用于重金属废水和印染废水的处理。然而,废水是一个十分复杂的混合体系,复杂的水质成分、不同环境因子对微生物的诱变作用等因素使纯种的单纯菌丝球难以形成。因此,以单纯菌丝球为载体,采用混合菌种固定化技术,建立混合菌群组成的微生态环境,使各种固定化微生物协同发挥作用,必将成为废水处理领域研究的重点。以霉菌Y3形成的菌丝球作为生物质载体分别采用同时培养法和吸附法对菌株JH-9进行固定化,并率先提出了一种新型培养方法“同时培养法”。两种方法的对比结果表明:同时接种法在单位时间内可固定的细菌量更多、其堆积体积更大,成球总数量更多,球体直径较小,总重量和总相对密度也较小。同时培养法形成的混合菌丝球内部细菌是非常均匀的排列生长在每一根菌丝上,无论菌丝交联与否;而吸附法形成的混合菌丝球内部,细菌只存在于多条菌丝交叉形成平台的地方。对混合菌丝球的降解效能进行考察发现,混合菌丝球对苯胺保持了良好的降解效能,同时培养法形成的混合菌丝球对苯胺的降解效能要明显好于吸附法形成的混合菌丝球,且效果稳定、持久。与固定化陶粒相比,混合菌丝球对苯胺的降解能力略显优势。菌丝球再生实验表明,经过碎片繁殖再生的混合菌丝球能很好的保持对苯胺的降解能力。为了进一步在反应器中考察混合菌丝球的生物强化效能,将混合菌丝应用于SBR工艺中。结果表明,针对初始苯胺浓度为130mg/L的苯胺废水,混合菌丝球从第三个运行周期开始即实现了100%的苯胺去除率、COD去除率在60%以上,并一直稳定维持到运行的第八个周期。通过考查混合菌丝球的形成过程及机制发现:曲霉Y3和菌株JH-9同时培养形成混合菌丝球经历4个阶段,静电引力和细胞表面的粘附力是混合菌丝球形成的主要原因。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the wastewater treatment process, it is easy to add in bacteria directly, but the bacteria is also easily missing, or being swallowed by other microorganisms. Immobilized Microbe Technology (IMT) can fix free microorganisms on carriers with a high concentration and keep their activity. IMT makes the wastewater treatment system operate efficiently and stablely. Mycelium pellet is a kind of bio-granule that can from spontaneously in the process of ferment. It has a good biological activity, fast sedimentation velocity, and no need for carrier, good condition of liquid solid separation. It can be used in the treatment of wastewater with heavy metals and dye. However, actual wastewater is a complex system; complex water ingredients and microbial mutagenesis of different environmental factors make it difficult to form mycelium pellets in it. Therefore, usimg the mycelium pellet as a carrier, adopting the“mixed bacteria self-immobilization technology”, to establish a micro-ecology environment made up of mixed bacteria group, in order to let all kinds of immobilized microorganisms play its role together, will become a focus in the field of wastewater treatment.Immobilized strain JH-9 with simultaneity culture and adsorption respectively, with mycelium pellet forming by aspergillus Y3 as the biomass carrier. It is the first time to propose a new immobilization method-simultaneity culture method. Comparative results of the two methods showed that: simultaneity culture method has many advantages such as more immobilization bacteria, bigger cumuli volum, more pellets, and shorter pellet diameter, light gross weight and small relative density. No matter mycelium crosslinking or not, bacteria within the combined pellet foaming by simultaneity culture method are growing equably on each of the mycelium. But the bacteria within the combined pellet forming by adsorption method are existted on the cross-platform forming with a number of mycelium only. Then we review the degrading performance of the combined pellet. The result shows that it maintained a good performance of strain JH-9, combined pellet forming by simultaneity culture method has better steady and permanence degrading performance than that forming by adsorption method. Compired with immbolized ceramsite, combined pellet has a small advantage in aniline degradation performance. The result of regeneration experiment shows that combined pellet regenerated by fragment breedding can keep high aniline degradationg ability. In order to text bioaugmentation performance of combined pellet in reactor, combined pellet was casted into SBR. The result shows that the aniline removal rate of output was 100% and the COD removal rate above 60% from the third running period, as the input aniline concentration was 130mg/L, and this result was stay the course. Through tracing the formation process and mechanism of combined pellt, we found that combined pellet forming by simultaneity culture method with aspergillus Y3 and strain JH-9 experienced four stages, and the main pellet forming reasons are the electrostatic attraction and cell surface adhesion.更多还原