【作者】 赵艳红；

【导师】 夏玉成；

【作者基本信息】 西安科技大学 ， 环境工程， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来随着煤炭产业的飞速发展,能源开发与水资源需求的矛盾日益加剧,煤矿区地下水的利用量也在不断的加大。在正确认识地下水资源的基础上,实行合理的保护利用,已成为当代地下水科学的一个重要课题。本文总结了陕西主要煤矿区地下水赋存特征及矿井水特征,具体研究了榆神府矿区、铜川矿区、焦坪矿区主要含(隔)水层和主采煤层顶板到主要隔水层底板间岩层的岩性、厚度、分布,在此基础上对煤矿区地下水的资源含水层进行了保水区、漏失区和无水区划分;同时还研究了陕西煤矿区矿井涌水情况、矿井水水质特征以及资源化程度。从中总结出煤矿区地下水保护利用中存在的两大问题——地下水大量流失和矿井水利用率低,并分析其产生的主要原因。地下水大量流失的主要原因是由于采煤对含水层结构的破坏;矿井水利用率低产生的主要原因是对矿井水资源化利用的重要性认识不到位、环境保护基础较差、煤炭行业内部发展不平衡、矿井水利用尚缺乏法律法规的支持和指导、缺乏政策支持和激励机制、专业技术水平有待提高、技术和设备还不够完善、以及资金投入不足等。针对煤矿区地下水保护利用过程中问题产生的原因,提出了应采取的措施:通过开展保水采煤、选择合理采高和提高开采速度来减少地下水大量流失;通过加强规划引导、完善政策措施、拓宽融资渠道、健全标准体系和加快技术进步来提高矿井水利用率的措施。更多还原

【Abstract】 As the rapid development of coal-mining industry in resent year, the contradiction between the energy exploration and the water resource request were increasingly aggravation, and more groundwater were utilized by the coal mining area. So, based on the right understanding about groundwater resources, the implement of proper protection and utilization countermeasure is now becoming an important subject for the groundwater science.In this paper, the groundwater’s occurrence characteristics and the mine water’s characteristics in Shaanxi Province’s main coal-mining area were summarized. The lithology, thickness and distribution, which were of the main aquifer, the main aquifuge, and the layer between the main exported coal seam’s roof and the main aquifuge’s floor, were studied in Yushenfu, Tongchuan and Jiaoping mining area. And according to the coal-mining’s influence on groundwater’s protecting target layer, which was the mean of main aquifer, the coal-mining area were divided into three types, which were preserved region, leakage region and none-water region. Also, it were studied that the situation of mine inflow, water quality characteristic and resource degree of the mine water. After the studies above, two main problems in the process of groundwater’s protection and utilization were found out, that were large amount of groundwater’s loss and low mine drainage’s efficiency, and the main reasons were analyzed separately. The aquifer structure’s destruction due to the coal mining was the main reason for the first problem. Little understanding about the groundwater’s importance, poor basic environment protection equipment, unbalance development between the coal-mining industry, no support and guidance from the laws and regulations on the mine drainage’s using, lack policy’s support and motivation mechanism, low improve of the professional technique level, imperfect of technology and equipment, shortage of fund investment, and deficiency of scale and demonstration were for the second one. For the reasons above, some pertinent measurements for the groundwater’s protection and utilization were put forward correspondingly. Developing preserving-water coal-mining, selecting rational mining-thickness, and improving the mining speed could be used to reduce the loss of groundwater. Strengthening the plan and guidance, improving polity and measures, broadening the types of financial investment, establishing and perfecting the standard system, and accelerating technology improvement might useful to improve the mine drainage’s efficiency.更多还原