【作者】 王馨；

【导师】 刘海砚；

【作者基本信息】 解放军信息工程大学 ， 地图制图学与地理信息工程， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 地理空间数据整合与更新是目前国际地理信息科学的前沿课题,同名实体匹配作为空间数据整合与更新的关键技术,就是要建立多源数据库之间地理实体的联系,实现对多源数据的综合利用。本文通过对同名实体匹配的相关理论和算法的研究,就多源空间数据同名实体的几何匹配进行了研究探讨。主要内容和成果如下:1.探讨空间数据的定义、特点、差异性及其与同名实体匹配的关系;讨论研究同名实体匹配技术的定义、限定条件和技术流程。指出空间数据的空间特征和属性特征是同名实体匹配的依据,而时间特征和地图约束性特征是同名实体匹配的研究根源。认为同名实体匹配的限定条件主要包括:参与匹配的两个源数据库相等、相交或包含、己消除了系统差且经过了形式一致化、比例尺差异不能太大、且具有相同或相近的时相。并指出同名实体匹配主要包括四个过程:数据预处理、地图对准、同名实体匹配、后期匹配处理。2.研究数据预处理和地图对准的主要内容,它是同名实体匹配的前提,主要讨论地图对准的方法及其关键要解决的问题。3.研究多源空间数据同名实体匹配的各种匹配算法及特点。按匹配依据划分,匹配方法分为几何匹配、拓扑匹配和语义匹配,论文详细讨论了同名线实体和同名面实体的几何匹配。4.以数字地图制图通用平台原型系统MapMaker为平台,采用基于缓冲区的几何相似度比较匹配算法,对同尺度矢量数据库中同名道路实体的1:1几何匹配进行了试验研究;采用了基于缓冲区的折线—结点距离匹配算法,对多尺度矢量数据库中同名道路实体的n:m几何匹配进行了试验研究;实现了基于遥感影像水系面状地物的自动提取,并对TM影像与矢量数据库中同名水系面实体的1:1或n:1匹配进行了试验研究;并对算法采取不同的参数时匹配的效果进行分析评价。更多还原

【Abstract】 The integration and updating of the geographic spatial data are the foreland of the international geography information science. Being the key technique of the spatial data integration and updating, spatial data matching is to establish the relationship of the geographic entities from multi-source databases and finally realize the comprehensive utilization of the multi-source data. By studying the related theory and arithmetic of the spatial data matching, the paper discussed the geometric matching for identical entities in multi-source spatial data. The main contents and conclusion include:1. Discussing the definition, characteristic, difference of spatial data and the relation to identical entity matching; Discussing and studying the definition, restricted conditions and technical flow of identical entity matching. It indicated that the spatial character and the attribute character of spatial data were the basement of identical entity matching, and the temporal character and map-restricted character are the root of identical entity matching. The limiting conditions of the identical entity matching include: the relation of the two matching source data-base should be equivalent or intersectant or inclusive.; the system difference of the two matching data-base should be removed and reach the state of form uniformity; the scale difference of the two matching data-base should not be too great; the temporal character of the two matching data-base should be the same or close. It indicated that identical entity matching included four steps: data preprocessing; map registration; identical entity matching; matching postprocessing.2. Studying the main content of the data preprocessing and map alignment which is the preconditions of identical entity matching, and mainly discussing the methods and the key awaiting solved problems of map alignment.3. Studying all kinds of arithmetic and their characteristics of identical entity matching in multi-source spatial data. Matching methods include geometric matching, topological matching and attribute matching. The paper discussed in detail the geometric matching of identical lines and areas.4. Based on an universal platform for digital map cartography of the prototype system (MapMaker soft), the paper experimented the 1:1 geometric matching of identical roads in the same scale vector maps by using the geometric similarities comparing matching arithmetic based on buffer, and experimented the n:m geometric matching of identical roads in multi-scale vector maps by using the distance of node to the broken line matching arithmetic based on buffer. The paper realized the simply automated extraction of water areas based on remote sensing images, and experimented the 1:1 and 1:n geometric matching of identical water areas from raster-vector maps in different periods. The paper analyzed and evaluated the matching effects of the arithmetic with different parameters.更多还原