【作者】 周金红；

【导师】 孟海泉；

【作者基本信息】 江西师范大学 ， 中国近现代史， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 本文集中论述1995年以来中国和美国对非洲的经贸战略,这是两国各自非洲战略的重要组成部分。在冷战时期,中美两国都受意识形态的支配而重视非洲,并且都以经济援助的方式与非洲国家发展经济联系。冷战结束后,尤其从1995年开始,中美两国几乎同时调整了非洲经贸战略。两国非洲经贸新战略共同的特征是,以经贸合作取代过去的经济援助。中美两国非洲经贸新战略的实施,给两国及非洲的发展都带来了重大影响。与非洲的贸易、对非洲的投资,都使中美两国获得了巨大的经济利益。这主要表现在商品贸易的高额利润回报和非洲自然资源的获取等方面。同时,非洲国家也从中受益,主要表现在吸收外资、开发自然资源、改善基础设施、提升产业结构等方面。中美两国的非洲经贸新战略在理论和实践上既有共同性,又有差异性,但更多的是后者。两国都以国家利益为基础制定对非洲的经贸战略,并且都看重非洲的石油等自然资源。但是,中国与非洲国家发展经贸合作关系,强调平等互利,淡化意识形态,并且带有一定的取得非洲国家国际支持的目的。而美国与非洲国家发展经贸合作关系,公开附带了诸多苛刻的政治经济条件,保有意识形态,并且带有强烈的反恐和谋求全球霸权的目的。中美两国非洲经贸新战略的差异性,从更深层面来看,是哲学理念或思想观念的差异性。中国非洲经贸新战略的思想基础是国际主义,它强调国家之间的互利合作和共同富裕。美国非洲经贸新战略的思想基础是实用主义,它强调利己主义和功利目的。由此,中国的非洲经贸新战略受到非洲国家和国际社会的普遍好评。更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper deals mainly about the economic and trade strategies of China and the United States since the year 1995, which are respectively the important parts of African strategies of China and America. During the Cold War period, influenced by ideology, China and America both laid importance on Africa, and both developed economic relationship with Africa by way of economic aids. With the end of the Cold War, and especially since 1995, China and America regulated respectively their economic and trade strategies to Africa almost simultaneously. The common characteristic of the new strategies of both countries is to replace economic aid with economic and trade cooperation.The practices of the new strategies affect greatly not only China and America, but also Africa. China and America benefit a lot from the trade with Africa, and from the investment in Africa. The benefits are demonstrated in the high returns of trade and acquirement of Africa natural resources. On the other hand, African countries also benefit much from the new strategies, such as taking in the foreign capitals, making use of the natural resources, improving the infrastructures, and advancing the industrial structures.No matter on theory or practice, the two strategies has something in common, and also has some differences, with the latter being more evident. Both China and the U.S. base their economic and trade strategies to Africa on state interests, and lay eyes on African natural resources as oil. Nevertheless, in its economic and trade cooperation with African countries, China emphasizes equality and mutual benefit, and plays down ideology, and in some degrees has the aim of getting the support of African countries in international community. On the contrary, while doing the same thing, the U.S. brings up openly lots of critical provisions on African politics and economy, and reserves ideology, and even has the strong aim of anti-terrorism and world hegemony.In deeper sense, the differences between the two new strategies of China and America lie in the difference of philosophical idea or thought. The fundamental idea of China’s new strategy is internationalism, which values mutual cooperation between nation-states and common prosperity. The fundamental idea of America’s new strategy is pragmatism, which cries up selfishness and utility or purpose. As a result, China’s new economic and trade policy towards Africa is praise highly by African countries and international community.更多还原