【作者】 范宁；

【导师】 袁树杰；

【作者基本信息】 安徽理工大学 ， 安全技术及工程， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 受限空间火灾事故会导致人员伤亡和财产损失。无论是隧道还是矿井巷道,它们在几何结构上有一个共同的特性,那就是长宽之比、长高之比相当大,又都是受限空间。这就需要我们对这种狭长受限空间类型的火灾事故加以研究。本文研究应用模拟室内火灾的CFAST软件来模拟狭长受限空间火灾。在对CFAST模型进行深入理解分析之后,首先考察了前人的实验模型和实验数据,然后利用CFAST模型建立了尽可能接近他们实验模型的逻辑模型,来验证CFAST模型在狭长受限空间火灾模拟中的有效性、可靠性。通过合理的划分子区域个数,对非矩形断面采用面积等价原则替换为矩形断面,合理地选择模拟数据是可以利用CFAST来模拟狭长受限空间火灾的并能得出和试验结果基本一致的结论。最后用CFAST模型模拟了在不同风速、不同火源功率情况下淮南洞山城市公路隧道火灾。对隧道模型作简化处理之后,模拟了在不同情况下的烟气层流动扩散规律和温度场变化情况。通过研究发现,在无风情况下CFAST模型在烟气扩散规律和烟气层温度场变化规律的模拟上都较为合理,但是在有风情况下,对烟气扩散的模拟效果不佳。本文的研究结果可以为狭长受限空间火灾模拟工作提供了一种方法,为隧道火灾救援和安全设计提供理论依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 Constrained fire accident will cause casualties and property losses. Whether mine roadway or tunnel, they have a common identity on geometric structure. Both ratio of length/width and the ratio of length/height are big, and both of them are limited by space. This requires us to do much research on this long-narrow confined space fire,.In this paper, consolidated model of fire growth and smoke transport-CFAST was used to stimulate the long -narrow confined space fire. After made an in-depth analysis to CFAST, Predecessors’experimental model and experimental data was inspected, and then use CFAST model as close as possible to set up an experimental model of the logic of their model, to validate the effectiveness of the CFAST model of simulating the long-narrow confined space fire. Through the rational division of the number of sub-regional, replacing non-rectangular cross-section to rectangular cross-section with area equivalent principle, and choosing reasonable analog data can stimulate the long -narrow confined space fire and get rational results.Finally, CFAST model was used to stimulating fire in Dongshan tunnel with different wind speed and different fire power. After simplify the model of tunnel, the flow of smoke layer and the temperature field was simulated with different conditions. Through the study found that the spread and temperature changes of smoke layer are more reasonable in case of no wind, but smoke flow when there is wind in the circumstances. The results of this article can provide a method of simulating fire in long-narrow confined space, and provide a theoretical basis for tunnel fire safety design and fire rescue work.更多还原