【作者】 栗文雁；

【导师】 余泳昌；

【作者基本信息】 河南农业大学 ， 农业机械化工程， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 随着精细农业的发展,精量施肥作为精细农业的重要组成部分,其对施肥装置性能的要求也越来越高。排肥器是精量施肥装置的核心部件,其性能是精量施肥的关键。排肥器性能试验是农机测试的重要组成部分,也是研制和开发新型精量排肥器不可缺少的重要环节。但是,排肥器大多是做为播种机的一部分来进行研究,没有专门用来检测排肥器性能的试验台。为此,本论文拟开发一种操作简单、性能可靠、运行速度快的排肥器试验台智能控制系统。系统的设计在硬件设计方面采用两级计算机控制的设计方法,由上位机(计算机)和下位机(单片机)构成。计算机实现对各项参数的设置和对最终数据的处理;单片机完成检测过程中的数据采集、传送和动力系统的控制任务。在软件设计方面,上位机采用适应性强、可视化的VB语言编程,使程序简单、清晰,操作界面友好;下位机用单片机C51编程,采用模块化的结构设计,提高了可靠性和可扩展性。本文通过对排肥器试验台智能控制系统的试验研究分析,其性能具有以下特点:1)设计了专用的排肥器试验台智能控制系统,改善了用播种器试验台测试排肥器性能的状况。2)通过改变步进电机的转速来模拟机具在田间作业时的实际状况,更能体现了排肥器对不同地块和肥料的适应性。3)系统用称重传感器对下落到托盘上的肥料进行采样,得到肥料的实际重量。从而可以从量上精确检测排肥器的均匀性和精确度。克服了光电法、高速摄影法等方法只能检测出肥料是否有断行,或只能从图像上得到肥料的下落状况,无法从量上精确把握肥料的下落情况。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of precision agriculture, precision fertilization requires more and more about the performance of fertilizing plant as an important component of precision agriculture. Fertilizer feeder is the core component of precise fertilizing plant and its property is the key for the realizing of precise fertilization. How to accurately detect the quality of fertilizer feeder is one prerequisite of precise feeding and also one key point of precise fertilizer feeder design and exploration. But nowadays no special tester for the performance of fertilizer feeder has been designed or reported. This paper designs a new property tester of fertilizer feeder which possesses many advantages such as optimum structure, reliable performance and fast running.The structure of new fertilizer feeder tester is illustrated as following: the fertilizing shaft is driven by a stepper motor, the actual working situation of farming machine is simulated by changing the speed of stepper motor, the fertilizer falling on the tray is sampled by the weighing sensor, the cubic spline interpolation method is used for the sampling data processing, then the relationship charts of flow with timing and flow with distance respectively are finally obtained.An intelligent control system is designed in this study. Two stage computer control is introduced which consists of PC as upper computer and single chip as lower computer. Various parameters are set and final data are processed by the computers. The power system control, data acquisition and transferring is completed by the single chip in the testing process. VB program is used for the upper computer which possesses the high visualization, flexibility and has the friendly operator interface. C51 program is used for the lower single chip and blocking structure design to enhance the reliability and extensibility.After the properties analysis of intelligent control system of fertilizer tester, it has the following characteristics:1) Designed a specific fertilizer tester with intelligent control system to improve the detecting technology of fertilizer facilities.2) The actual working situation of farming machine is simulated by changing the speed of stepper motor and the adaptability of fertilizer feeder for various condition of farmland during different speed can be better reflected through this simulation.3) The actual weight of fertilizer can be gained by sampling the fertilizer falling on the tray with weighing sensor, so the fertilizing effort referring to uniformity and accuracy of the fertilizer feeder can be accurately detected. This method can effectively overcome the defects of the photoelectric method and high-speed photographic method which could only detect the existence of falling breaks and can not accurately acquire the falling condition of fertilizer.更多还原