节点文献
基于超声技术的车辆信息检测系统的设计与实现
The Design and Realization of Vehicle Information Detecting System Based on Ultrasonic Technology
【作者】 陈幼峰；
【导师】 吕文红；
【作者基本信息】 山东科技大学 ， 交通信息工程及控制， 2009， 硕士
【摘要】 随着与智能交通系统相关的电子技术、计算机技术的不断发展,交通信息的采集与处理技术正逐渐成为交通系统建设者、管理者、相关科研院所、企业日益关注的热点,同时也成为了智能交通系统能否最终应用于实际并发挥作用的首要问题。论文在参阅了大量的参考文献的基础上,研究了国内外智能交通信息采集技术与数据融合处理技术的发展历史和现状,针对我国道路交通现实情况,结合现有的交通管理体系,研究了基于超声波技术的车辆信息检测系统方案。首先利用多个超声波传感器组成传感器阵列对行驶车辆的几何参数进行动态扫描,以获取车辆的几何参数,在检测终端主控单片机中进行数据处理后将处理结果通过串行通信上传至上位机,然后由上位机分析行驶车辆的车长、车宽、车高、车速,融合出最终结果,为交通管理提供技术保障和原始数据支撑,并且后续工作中可将最终检测的车辆外型参数结果与常用七种车型的外型经验数据进行比对和匹配,实现车型识别。整个系统在结构上分为三部分:超声波数据采集阵列、数据通信模块、上位机。超声波数据采集阵列由双龙门架上的多个超声波检测模块构成,克服了传统的单一传感器检测准确性差系统稳定性不高的缺点,使车辆参数检测更加全面,得到的结果更加准确,系统的稳定性更高;检测终端与上位机通信利用485电平的串行通信,增加了通信距离,保证了系统在恶劣环境下的稳定工作;上位机和检测终端分别运行数据处理和数据融合程序,在减小误差的同时增加了系统的数据稳定性,把误差处理的运算任务分散到各个检测终端,提高了系统的数据处理效率,避免了大量数据运算占用服务器资源,保证服务器数据融合结果的准确性和可靠性。在系统的设计与实现过程中,重点研究了(1)超声波采集模块的硬件电路、软件程序设计;(2)最小二乘数据处理算法;(3)各部分之间的通信电路设计;(4)上位机软件UI设计及加权平均法在车辆信息采集融合中的应用。
【Abstract】 With the development of electronic technology and computer technology, traffic information collecting and processing technology has been gradually becoming the hot point of the traffic system builder, manager, the company and so on. Meanwhile it is the key of whether the intelligent transportation system can be used into reality and give it’s answer to this problem. This paper consulted massive references, and then elaborated the historical development and present situation of domestic and foreign ITS. In view of our country road traffic situation, unified the existing traffic control system, author put forward the plan: vehicle information detecting system based on ultrasonic technology. First using multi-ultrasonic sensor compose sensor array to scan the moving vehicles’ geometric parameter, after being processed the data will be uploaded to the host computer. Then the host computer analysis the data and give the moving vehicles’ length, width, height, and velocity as the original data and technical support for traffic management, we can also comparing and matching the detecting data with the experience data to classify the vehicle.The system can be divided into three parts in structure: sensor detecting array, data communication terminal, host computer. The sensor detecting array is constituted by many ultrasonic sensor gathering terminals on two portal frames, overcome the traditional single sensor’s shortcomings of low varacity and stability.The detecting terminals and the host computer communicate by 485 serial port,increase the communication distance, ensure the stability of the system working under bad conditions.Host computer and detecting terminals run data processing and data fusion software seperately to reduce the error meanwhile the data stablity has been increased. The data processing process has been distributed to every detecting terminal and the host computer,increases the efficiency ,the varacity,the stability of the system.The author mainly researches four parts in this system , hardware circuit and software of the ultrasonic detecting terminal, data processing method of least squares, design of the terminal communication circuit, design of the software and user interface on the host computer and the use of weighted average method in vehicle information collecting.