【作者】 王一平；

【导师】 蒋承勇；

【作者基本信息】 江南大学 ， 比较文学与世界文学， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 反乌托邦文学是出现于20世纪的一种对乌托邦加以“拒绝”与“否定”的文学样式。它与已有400多年历史的乌托邦文学血脉相连,却又因与20世纪聚讼纷纭的历史文化语境相契合,而凝聚成与乌托邦文学相悖逆的独特思想意蕴。本文以反乌托邦文学与乌托邦的内在关联、反乌托邦文学的思想文化意蕴及其反讽艺术手法的凸显作为考察反乌托邦文学的三个特定切入点,通过理论与文本、历史和审美、史与论相结合的方式,对20世纪反乌托邦文学进行系统而深入的探查,以勾勒出此种在西方文学史上具有重要价值的文学形式的轮廓,并力图彰显其赖以建立的思想原则。本文由三部分组成,为三章:第一章首先对乌托邦与反乌托邦文学的发展历程作了简要考察,并在参考众多定义、解释的基础上,透过其多样化和变动不居的具体形态而厘定了其核心价值所在:乌托邦是以实体论思想为底色的“想象”中的“完美”;反乌托邦则是对此种乌托邦原则的彻底拒绝与根本质疑。第二章基于前文的纵向论述,以对反乌托邦思想的不同体现,而将众多反乌托邦文学如《1984》、《美丽新世界》、《莫罗医生岛》、《蝇王》、《发条橙》、《羚羊与秧鸡》等进行了大致分类,从横向方面考察反乌托邦文学对反面乌托邦世界的描绘与拒绝,并抽绎出其中体现的反历史目的论、反共同人性论以及对科技发展、理性主义、乌托邦政治实践的反思等种种反乌托邦的思想情状及其原则。第三章首先聚焦于反乌托邦文学与反讽艺术手法的交汇点,探讨何以反讽手法在反乌托邦文学中有着特别鲜明的体现:现代反乌托邦小说以有所保留的态度来面对乌托邦理想,而现代反讽亦以有所保留的态度来面对一切,两者在对绝对价值的不信任中,表现出一种共同的悖逆性和自由性;然后以反讽自身分类为依据,以文本细读的方式深度阐析了反乌托邦小说中的反讽艺术手法。反乌托邦文学是对20世纪人类生存悖论的深刻揭示,即使其通常会对人类未来前景表现出悲观乃至虚无的预示,但这正是反乌托邦文学忧世、警世的优势所在,并由此而成为了一种阐释与勘探现代人类存在状态的独特文学样式。更多还原

【Abstract】 Anti-Utopian literature is a kind of literary genre which appeared in the 20th century. It is a "refuse" and"negative" of Utopian literature. Although been related by blood with Utopian literature which has more than 400 years history, in accordance with the 20th century’s diverse culture situation, anti-Utopian literature converge into a unique connotation which is against the Utopian literature.This thesis regarding the inherent relation between the anti-Utopian literature and the Utopian literature, anti-Utopian literature’s connotation and the highlight on its narrative of irony as three specific entry of the anti-Utopian literature study. Adopting a combinative study method which integrates theory with text,combines history analysis with esthetics analysis, links course with discussion,this thesis gives a systemic analysis to 20th century’s anti-Utopian literature,trying to outline such an important literary form in the history of western literature, and to highlight its ideological principles.chapter I gives a brief exploring into Utopian and anti-Utopian literature from ancient time till now, through its diversified and changing form,on the basis of referring many definitions and explanations ,and then determine their core values: the Utopia is based on the idea of ontology,and also the "Image"of"perfect";while anti-Utopia is based on the questioning and refusal to this Utopian principle.Basing on the foregoing discussion, Chapter II classifies many anti-Utopian novels such as 1984,Brave New World, The Island of Dr. Moreau, Lord of the Flies, A Clockwork Orange,Oryx and Crake etc by different embodyment of the anti-Utopian thinking. Chapter II studies the discription and refusal of the dystopia world in anti-utopian literature,and pumping out the anti-historical teleological view, anti-common human nature theory as well as the concern of science and technology development, rationalism, and utopian politics to reflect on the practice and other anti-Utopia ideas and principles. Chapter III focuses on the meeting-point of anti-Utopian literature and irony, to explore the reason why the irony has such a clear manifestation in anti-Utopian literature: the modern anti-Utopian novel is sceptical about the Utopian ideals,while the modern irony is sceptical about everything, both of them show the rebel of the trustless absolute value.Then, based on the classification of irony and the methord of close reading,Chapter III deeply clarifies the irony in the anti-Utopian novels.Anti-Utopian literature is a kind of literature which reveals the paradox of human existence in the 20th century. Even though its expectations of the human future somehow shows empty and pessimism, it’s still performance the characteristic of concern and warning about the human society, and then becomes a distinguished literary genre in clarifying and exploring the situation of the modern human existence.更多还原