【作者】 王佳喜；

【导师】 魏取福；

【作者基本信息】 江南大学 ， 纺织工程， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 本课题是利用自制静电纺丝装置制备聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）/四氧化三铁（Fe₃O₄）复合纳米纤维,并使用了现代分析仪器研究了复合纳米纤维的结构及有关性能。本课题的研究内容,进一步促进了复合纳米材料的发展,并为其应用前景提供了一定的依据。本论文采用化学共沉淀法制备了纳米四氧化三铁后,分别采用了两种方法直接包覆法和溶胶凝胶法制备了PVDF/Fe₃O₄复合纳米纤维。接着利用X射线能谱仪（EDX）和X射线衍射仪（XRD）验证了四氧化三铁在复合纳米纤维中的存在。同时使用扫描电镜（SEM）、透射电镜（TEM）和原子力显微镜（AFM）对复合纳米纤维的微观结构进行了观察与分析,探索了实验工艺参数与薄膜微观结构之间的关系,发现了较高的浓度将导致纤维的平均直径增大;直接包覆法制得的复合纳米纤维的平均直径在150～200nm,溶胶凝胶法制得的复合纳米纤维的平均直径在30～50nm。除此之外,还分析比较了两种方法制备的复合纳米纤维之间的形貌和内在结构的区别,发现采用溶胶凝胶法比直接包覆法能够更加有效的改善四氧化三铁团聚的现象。然后,利用热重实验分析了复合纳米纤维中四氧化三铁的含量。实验表明:四氧化三铁的实际含量与理论含量相近,说明四氧化三铁很好结合到了纳米纤维中。与此同时,本论文对复合纳米纤维的表面粗糙度进行了分析。最后,通过磁性实验观察分析了复合纳米纤维的磁性性能。发现纳米复合纤维的饱和磁化强度随浓度的增加而加大,而且溶胶凝胶法制备的纳米纤维的饱和磁化强度明显要高于直接包覆法制备的复合纳米纤维;两种方法制备的复合纳米纤维的剩磁也同饱和磁化强度一样具有同样的规律;两种方法制备的复合纳米纤维的矫顽力则保持不变,均为38Oe,这说明矫顽力和四氧化三铁的浓度无关,只与物质有关。更多还原

【Abstract】 The issue is the use of home-made device to prepare the nanofiber from polyvinylidene fluoride （PVDF） and iron oxide Fe₃O₄ （magnetite）, and the use of the modern analytical instruments to study the structure and related performance of nanofibers. The issue further promotes the development of magnetite nano-materials and provides a certain basis for their application.In this paper, after preparing the nano iron oxide Fe₃O₄ （magnetite） by chemical precipitation, it prepares the PVDF/Fe₃O₄ nanofibers by the two methods that are direct coating method and sol-gel method. Then, it uses X-ray spectrometer （EDX） and X-ray diffraction （XRD） to verify the existence of iron oxide Fe₃O₄ （magnetite）. At the same time, it uses scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, transmission electron microscopy （TEM） and atomic force microscope （AFM） to observe and analyze the micro-structure of the nanofibers and explore the relationship between the experimental parameters and nanofiber’s microstructure. The discovery is that the average diameter of nanofibers will increase because of the increasing of consistence; the average diameter of nanofibers by the direct coating method was 150～200nm, but the average diameter of nanofibers by the sol-gel was 30～50nm. In addition, it also analyzed the distinction of appearance and internal structure between nanofibers from the different method and found that sol-gel method can be more effective to improve the phenomenon of magnetite reunion than the direct coating method.Then, the TG experiment analyzed the content of iron oxide Fe₃O₄ （magnetite） in nanofibers. Experiments showed that: the actual content of iron oxide Fe₃O₄ （magnetite） was similar to the theoretic content, which told us iron oxide Fe₃O₄ （magnetite） mostly combining with PVDF. At the same time, the surface roughness of nanofibers was analyzed.Finally, through magnetic experiment, it analyzed the magnetic performance of the nanofibers. It found that nanofibers’ saturation magnetization intensity was increasing with the increasing of the consistence, and nanofibers’ from the sol-gel saturation magnetization intensity was obviously much higher than that prepared by direct coating; the remanence of the nanofibers from the two kinds of method had the same laws with saturation magnetization intensity; nanofibers coercivity remained unchanged and 38Oe, which showed that nanofibers coercivity had nothing to do with the consistence of iron oxide Fe₃O₄ （magnetite）, but was related to the materials.更多还原