【作者】 解大力；

【导师】 顾銮斋；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 专门史， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 对尼禄时期文化的研究有助于对古代罗马帝国初期的政治思想进行把握,这一时期罗马生活上体现出来的现实主义或享乐主义具体源于怎样的背景,又如何的影响了罗马社会的发展,是本文所要解决的问题。本文由导论、结语和三章正文构成。导论部分对相关学术史进行了回顾,并且对研究动态做了客观评述,阐明了本论题的研究意义。第一章介绍了尼禄“文化政策”的实施背景,包括两节。第一节介绍了当时罗马社会的概貌,在政治上,对内加强专制统治,对外以各种方式巩固扩张成果。经济贸易发达,社会生活比较轻松。第二节从古罗马历史文化渊源和文化启蒙状况两方面介绍了文化背景。第二章是尼禄时期的文化概论,分析了“文化政策”的形成原因,重点强调尼禄和塞内加所起的重要作用。另外,前代的文化政策也有一定影响。主要内容包括宗教、文学艺术、公共娱乐、知识分子和学校教育等几部分。第三章对尼禄时期文化进行评析,申明其特点,如寓政于乐:推崇舞台艺术;实用策略:政治色彩浓厚:独裁权威:法律更加详尽。同时概括了这些政策产主的意义及影响。结语部分进行了总结全文,认为虽然尼禄推行这些政策的目的是为了自己娱乐或者是强化专制权力,但同时为穷人提供了工作,因此对于尼禄统治的功过还是要一分为二的看待。当然,尼禄时期的文化政策更是为维护其统治而做的努力的体现。无论是主张以艺术征服民众,通过宗教来引导民众,还是通过法律强制民众,都一一体现了其维护专制统治的本质。尼禄时期的文化与以往时期文化的不同只是形式上的改观,即从超精神的层面出发,意图同化民众。事实上是不可行的,因为他的理想主义触犯了元老院贵族的传统;同时,为了促成他的政策能够推行,尼禄耗尽大量资财,削弱了国库,而他最后在没有办法的情况下想方设法搜刮元老院贵族的钱财,则直接导致了他的统治的崩溃。总体说来,尼禄时期的罗马文化体现的是帝国建立后繁盛的状态。虽然文化的发展表达的是统治者日渐专制的姿态,却无疑以帝国最大的力量成就了罗马城的辉煌。本文在写作上意图以严谨的历史学研究态度,综合各时期史料加以分析探察,以求更接近、乃至还原历史真貌。创新之处在于较为系统的对这一课题进行了研究,不仅有助于弥补我们在古罗马帝国早期的文化研究方面中的不足,也可以加深我们对帝国早期文化发展的变化过程的了解。更多还原

【Abstract】 The study to the culture of Nero’s period is of great help for us to grasp the political mind at the beginning of the Roman Empire. How the actualism or epicurean in daily life originates comes about, and how it has affected the development of Rome society, are the problems needed to be solved.The main body is composed by introduction, concluding remarks and three chapters. The introduction has carried out a retrospect on learning history relevance, and has made an objective commentary to the studying development, explaining the significance of the study.The first chapter includes two sections, introducing the background to the "cultural policy" of Nero. The first section has introduced the general picture of Rome society at that time. Having reinforced the autocracy ruling at home on politics, and consolidated the dilating achievement with various ways. Economy trade is developed; the social life is comparatively relaxed. The second section gives the cultural background from Origin of the ancient Roman history and cultural enlightenment.The second chapter is the introduction to that time, analyses the forming cause of the "cultural policy", concentrating that Nero and Seneca play important role on it. And also, the cultural policy before takes affect, too. The main content includes several parts such as religion, literature and art, common entertainment, intellectual and school education.The third chapter makes a comment on the culture of Nero’s period, avows its characteristic, such as making political affairs to entertainment: highly Praising the stagecraft; Pragmatic tactics: too much Politics; Dictatorship authority: The law is especially detailed; At the same time, having summarized the significance and effect that these policies come into being.The concluding remarks has carried out the summary of the text, having the opinion that although the think of the purpose of these policy Nero had taken is for entertainment or is to strengthen autocracy authority, but it also has provided treating working for the poor people. So we should treat Nero two sides.Of course, the culture in Nero period is exactly the effort to defend its government. Either conquering a public with art or guiding a public coming religion, or compelling a public by the law, the nature is to upkeep its autocratic government. The difference between the Nero period’s culture and the culture in the past is only the formal changing on the appearance, which is setting off from super-vigorous to assimilation the public. In fact it is impossible for it has violated the tradition of the senate nobleman. But at the same time, in order to carry out the policy, Nero has exhausted large amount of assets, which has weakened the exchequer. At last, he has no choice but to fleece the wealth of the senate nobleman, which leads to his ruling breakdown directly.In general speaking, the Rome culture during Nero period embodies the prosperous state after the empire builds. Though the development of culture expresses the gradually autocratic attitude of the ruler, but it also achieved the splendidness of the great Rome city with its maximal strength.The main attitude of the text on writing is to analysis the historical material in each period, in order to approach or make up to restore the appearance of the history.The point of innovation is the study on this problem comparatively systematically. It can help not only being conducive to culture deficiency on this aspect, but also being able to help us deepen the comprehension of the change process that the culture of early empire takes.更多还原