【作者】 苗云飞；

【导师】 姜涌；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 马克思主义哲学， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 马克思特殊的犹太教家庭背景、青少年时代浓厚的基督教情怀,以及后来对于宗教的批判态度,这些不仅可以引发人们的兴趣与好奇,而且可以为研究马克思的宗教批判思想提供丰富的思想资源。当我们回到马克思的文本,就会发现他较少从正面阐述自己的宗教理论、宗教观以及宗教立场,他所有的宗教思想都包含在他对宗教的批判之中。他不强调宗教理论上的建构,而注重宗教的社会应用和实践价值。对马克思本人而言,宗教批判远比宗教理论的建构重要。我们可以把宗教批判作为理解马克思哲学的一个视角。“对宗教的批判是其他一切批判的前提”表现了宗教批判思想在马克思哲学中的地位和作用。他对宗教的批判主要集中于早期的著作中,通过对马克思的宗教批判思想的分析,试图揭示其价值。马克思的宗教批判思想与他的整体思想的发展、变化是一致的。既不能脱离马克思的著作,也不能完全局限于某段文字来寻找他的宗教批判思想,正确的方法应是从整个西方哲学发展演进的角度,从他的宗教批判思想的整体逻辑进程,来把握他的宗教批判思想。马克思之前的宗教批判是围绕理性展开的,是信仰与理性、神性与人性相互较量的历史,他则从人的感性活动出发重新对宗教本身进行诠释和解读,把宗教看作全部社会意识形态的一个组成部分,指出宗教是人们实践活动的产物,是人们对于现实生活过程的意识形式,他将对宗教的批判由理性的领域推进到社会生产领域,把对宗教神学的批判变成对现实的国家政治和法的批判,并完成了从理性批判到实践批判的革命性变革;马克思的宗教批判是对西方传统哲学本体论的超越。他将传统形而上学本体论如虚幻的上帝一样对其解构,转向对现实世界的研究,沿着宗教批判的道路,他超越了追求高高在上的圆满本体论的哲学传统,逐渐走向了另一个更为深刻的现实领域;马克思的宗教批判思想有利于对唯物史观的揭示,也有利于对共产主义的高扬。更多还原

【Abstract】 Marx had a special Jewish family background. He had a strong Christian feelings in the juvenile time. However, he holded a critical attitude to religion. These can not only lead to people’s interest and curiosity, but also to study the idea of Marx’s religious criticism thought to provide a rich resource. When we return to Marx’s text, we will find he is basically not a positive theory of his own religion, all his religions thoughts are included in criticism of religion. Although Mark did not emphasize the construction of religious theory, he focued on the social application of religious and the practice of religious value. He thought the religious criticism thought was important than the construction of religious theory.We can put Marx’s critique of religion as a perspective of philosophy. Marx said religion criticism thought was a critical prerequisite for all other. This shows religious criticism thought in the philosophy of Marx’s position and role. His religious criticism thought focuses on the writings of the early years. I will reveal the value of Marx’s religious criticism through the analysis of Marx’s religious criticism thought. Marx’s religious criticism thought and his whole idea of development is consistent. We can not be divorced from the writings of Marx to look for his religious criticism thought and can not be completely confined to a certain language to look for his religious criticism thought either. The right way to grasp his religious criticism thought is from the development of western philosophy and from the overall logic of the process about his religious criticism thought.Previous religious criticism thought were carried out around the rational. It was the history that the struggle was between faith and reason. Marx re-interoperated the religion from human perceptual activity. Religion became a part of ideology. He thought religion was a kind of spiritual products based on the practice and it was a form awareness of the reality. He turned from a purely Christian criticism into the criticism of all religions. He turned from the recoverment of the religious mysterious into the secret of the products. He turned from the criticism of understanding into the social basis. He turned from the religious criticism into reality criticism. His critique of religious transformation was achieved from rational criticism to practice criticism.Marx’s religions criticiam surpassed the ontology of traditional philosophy. He surpassed traditional metaphysics and tured to realisitic research. He surpassed traditional ontology along the road to critique of religious. Marx’s religions criticiam thought revealed historical materialism. One of the greatest achievements of Marx’s religions criticiam is communism更多还原