【作者】 元强；

【导师】 储金宇；

【作者基本信息】 江苏大学 ， 环境工程， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 有机磷农药废水具有污染物浓度高,毒性大,可生化性差等特点,一直是水治理的一个难点。而现有的处理方法存在成本较高、容易引起二次污染、处理周期长、效果差等缺点,难以满足环境污染治理工程的需要。研究结合国家支撑计划重点项目(2006BAC11B06)和江苏省环保科技计划“等离子体处理高浓度有机废水的研究(2000)21.19”,利用电离放电产生等离子体技术对有机磷农药的代表品种敌敌畏和三唑磷进行降解处理,取得了较好的处理效果。研究内容主要包括有机磷农药的自然降解模拟研究和等离子体处理有机磷农药废水两方面,可为相关研究提供参考与借鉴。有机磷农药的自然降解模拟研究主要考察了相关因素对降解率的影响。结果表明:降解率随初始浓度的增大而降低;光照对有机磷农药降解影响较弱;降解率随温度的升高而上升;碱性条件更有利于有机磷农药的降解;水体中有机磷农药的降解符合拟一级动力学规律。等离子体处理有机磷农药废水实验研究中,通过考察有关因素对有机磷农药模拟废水降解率的影响,得出了降解率随各因素的变化趋势。结论如下:降解率随初始浓度的增加而下降;随着温度的升高,降解率先上升后下降,敌敌畏在25℃时达到最大值,而三唑磷在25℃与35℃时降解率变化不明显,当温度高于35℃时降解率出现下降;降解率随pH值的上升先升后降,当pH＜7时变化不太明显。敌敌畏废水在pH值为11时,处理12 min时降解率将近100%,三唑磷废水在pH值为10时,处理12 min时100%降解;降解率随氧气流量的增加呈现下降趋势,随功率的增加呈现较明显的上升趋势;在一定水平条件下,各参数对降解率影响程度的大小依次为:pH值＞温度＞初始浓度＞输入功率＞氧气流量。实验结果表明等离子体技术用于处理难生物降解的有机磷农药废水是可行的。更多还原

【Abstract】 It is still a problem to treat the organophosphorus pesticide wastewater effectively, which is characterized as high concentration of organic matter, high toxicity for biotic systems, biorecalcitrant etc. Furthermore, the available methods could not be satisfied to the environmental pollution control engineering by means of their higher costs, lead to secondary pollution, long-term processes and low efficiency. The financial support for this work was provided by the National Key Technology R&D Program (No. 2006BAC11B06) and the Environmental Science and Technology Plan of Jiangsu Province (No. 2000, 21.19). Two typical pesticide wastewaters containing dichlorvos and triazophos were degraded using plasma produced by ionization discharge, respectively.The dichlorvos and triazophos were degraded in a simulated natural environment and using plasma. And it could provide some valuable references on the following correlation studies.The effects of the initial wastewater concentration, light, temperature and pH value the natural degradation of organophosphorus pesticide wastewaters had been discussed, respectively. The result shows that: the degradation of organophosphorus pesticide wastewater declined with increase of initial concentration; intensity of light irradiation enhanced the pesticide degradation; the degradation efficiency rose dramatically at high temperature; alkaline condition could accelerated the reaction.Considering some main parameters, such as initial concentration, temperature, pH value, oxygen flow and intensity of light irradiation, the tendency of the degeneration of the organophosphorus pesticides had been determined. Finally the optimizing condition and impact of the factors were obtained by orthogonal experiments. The degradation efficiency declined as pesticide primary concentration increased. But the temperature had different effect on the degradation that the degradation efficiency of triazophos did not change significantly in the range of 25 degree Centigrade to 35 degree Centigrade. Generally, alkaline condition advantaged the pesticide degradation and the degradation efficiency increased with pH value increased. The dichlorvos had been almost entirely degraded in 12 minutes at the pH value about 11; and the degradation efficiency slightly decreased at the pH value above 11. When the pH value was about 10, the degradation efficiency of triazophos would up to 100% in 12 minutes; and the degradation efficiency would appear less obviously decline at pH value above 10. With the increase of oxygen flow, the degradation efficiency of dichlorvos and triazophos showed a downward trend; and the degradation efficiency pronounced upward trend with the increase of intensity of light irradiation. Under a certain level conditions, pH value had the significant effect on the degradation efficiency, followed by the temperature, concentration, intensity of light irradiation; and the less impact of the degradation efficiency was oxygen flow.As a conclusion, plasma technology is an effective method for the treatment of organic phosphorus pesticide wastewater.更多还原