【作者】 赵福生；

【导师】 刘庆元； 李英成；

【作者基本信息】 中南大学 ， 大地测量学与测量工程， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 航空摄影测量中的一个关键问题是确定像片的外方位元素,传统的方法是通过摄影测量加密来确定的,这需要大量的地面控制点。INS可以提供姿态,GPS可以提供位置,将两者组合并通过一定的解算可以辅助或代替这一传统方式。作为系统组合的核心软技术——组合算法,最近几年一直是研究的热点之一。目前国内还没有完整的技术推理过程,仅仅停留在组合方案设计上。本文在前人的技术基础上,进行了紧耦合的算法研究,并对松、紧耦合性能作了分析比较,并且对该组合系统中误差影响作了一定的分析,主要有以下内容:1.对捷联式惯导坐标系之间的关系进行了分析研究,其中主要的是惯性坐标系与地理坐标系之间的转换;分析了INS/GPS组合类型和两种系统时间同步的问题。2.采用了20个状态参数,对伪距和伪距率进行状态方程和量测方程的研究,并确定相应的系数及其残差改正。同时从理论与实践的角度出发对松、紧耦合进行了比较分析,并改进了组合方案的。3.根据组合算法和测绘现有GPS技术,探讨了提高精度的措施,并在DGPS和PPP模式下进行了比较试验;分析了误差影响,并探讨了该技术在航空摄影应用中的关键技术。总之,科学合理的融合算法是两种类型数据充分发挥各自优势的前提,本文针对INS和GPS两种系统的数据特点及组合的目的,结合国内外现状,进行了INS/GPS组合算法的研究。同时,在理论的基础上,从应用的角度对误差及其影响进行了分析。更多还原

【Abstract】 Determination the exterior orientation elements of the photograph a is key issue in aerophotogrammetry. The traditional method is adopted to encryption photogrammetry to determine, which requires a large amount of ground control points. INS can provide attitude. GPS can provide the location. Combination and calculation of the two systems can aid or replace the traditional method.As the core technology of system software - Integrated Algorithms, it has been one of the hot spots in recent years. At present, there is not complete reasoning process in the technology, just stays in the program design. In this paper, a tightly coupled algorithm is derived based on the technical basis of our predecessors, and make the performance comparison and analysis between loose and tight coupling, I also do the analysis of the certain impact of error. There is the following main elements in this paper:1. Do analysis and study the relation between coordinate systems of strapdown INS, among which the conversion between the inertial coordinate system and the geographic coordinate system is important; Do analysis combination type of INS / GPS and time synchronization of two systems.2. In this paper, there are 20 parameters, for the pseudo-range and pseudo-range rate, the state equation and measurement equations are derived, and to determine the appropriate correction factor and the residuals. At the same time do comparatively analysis from the perspective of the theory and practice in loose and tight coupling, and make program improvement.3. Explore measures to improve the accuracy in accordance with the existing integrated algorithms and GPS technology, and in DGPS and PPP mode ,make compared test; analysis of errors, and explore the critical point in the application of technology in the aerial photography.In short, the scientific and rational integration algorithm is the premise of the two types of data giving full play to their advantage. This article carry out the INS / GPS combination algorithm for the INS and GPS according to the characteristics of the two systems data and the purpose of the combination and the status quo at home and abroad. At the same time, on the basis of the theory, I do analysis on errors and its impact in the view of application.更多还原