关于常德市城郊失地农民的调查与思考

【作者】 黄贵；

【导师】 彭升； 陈其辉；

【作者基本信息】 中南大学 ， 公共管理， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 城市化是人类社会发展的客观规律,但是城市化在推动城市经济发展和社会繁荣的同时,也给广大农民的生活带来了前所未有的影响。近几年来,常德市经济快速发展,工业化和城市化进程不断加快,“无地、无业、无保障”的失地农民越来越多,各种问题和矛盾日趋激烈。通过对常德市武陵区四个乡镇从经济、就业、居住和心理四个方面进行入户调查得知:在经济方面,绝大多数失地农民较失地前相比收入有所下降,生活支出增加,生活质量下降;在就业方面,失地农民再就业存在较大困难,失业率高,隐性失业现象严重,无业游民增多,而且参加职业技能培训的积极性不高;在居住方面,存在新建住房困难、无法“以房换房”、村转居社区基础设施不健全和周边污染严重等问题;在心理方面,失地农民在身份认同、制度认同和文化心理认同三方面都存在一定困难。在失地农民问题产生的原因上,本文认为主要归结于以下几点:一是征地制度、法规和程序的不合理,二是征地补偿标准过低,三是缺乏法定安置途径,失地农民就业难,四是现有各项保障机制不健全,五是村转居社区建设不到位,六是农民自身资本薄弱。论文认为,要解决好失地农民问题,必须做好以下几个方面的工作:一是改革土地征用制度,二是健全完善征地补偿机制,三是千方百计促进就业,四是建立健全各类保障机制,五是加强村转居社区的软硬件建设,六是为失地农民提供全方位的心理辅导。更多还原

【Abstract】 Urbanization is an objective law in the development of human society. But with promoting economic development and social prosperity of city, urbanization had an unprecedented impact on the lives of the majority of farmers. In recent years, with Changde City’s rapid economic development, the industrialization and urbanization process is accelerating, more and more land-lost farmer join in the group of "no land, no job and no insurance," and all kinds of problems and contradictions are becoming increasingly fierce.Through the household survey in the four towns of Wuling District of Changde City from the economic, employment, insurance, accommodation and psychological aspects, the paper can get a conclusion as follows. On economic aspect, the majority of land-lost farmers earns less and cost more than before and the quality of their life goes down. On the respect of employment, it is very difficult for them to obtain a new job, the rate of unemployment is very high and many of them are in a state of latent unemployment. More and more tramps appeared and their initiative of attending vocational skills training is very low. On the respect of residence, it is difficult to rebuild new house, the infrastructure of new community is weak and the outskirt has been polluted severely. In addition, on psychological respect, they have some difficulties in identifying with system, status and culture.Relating the causes of land-lost farmers’ dilemma, the paper summarized in the following major points. First, the system, regulations and procedures of land requisition are unreasonable. Second, the land compensation standard is too low. Third, lacking of statutory resettlement way, the employment of land-lost farmers is too difficult. Fourth, the existing safeguards mechanism is not sound. Fifth, the construction of the community changed from village needs to be improved. Last, the capital of farmers is too weak. The paper thinks that to resolve the problem of land-lost farmers, we must do the following works. First, reform the land requisition system. Second, improve and perfect the land compensation mechanism. Third, try our best to promote employment. Fourth, establish and perfect all kinds of insurance mechanisms. Fifth, strengthen the hardware and software construction of the community changed from village. Last, provide a comprehensive range of psychological counseling for land-lost farmers.更多还原