液压挖掘机工作装置优化及作业性能研究

【作者】 黄斌；

【导师】 何清华；

【作者基本信息】 中南大学 ， 机械设计及理论， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 液压挖掘机作为一种重要的土方工程机械,在房屋建设、市政工程、管道铺设、园林栽培、矿山采掘作业、国防工事以及农田水利建设等土方施工中有着广泛的应用。其工作装置的作业性能是整机设计水平的重要标志。本文针对液压挖掘机反铲工作装置设计中存在的共性问题,结合国家863课题及企业科研攻关课题,对液压挖掘机工作装置的作业性能进行了分析,并对工作装置运动学和动力学综合优化等关键技术进行了系统研究。在VB6.0环境下,编写了“反铲液压挖掘机通用作业性能分析及优化软件”,主要工作如下:综述了液压挖掘机的发展概况及其工作装置国内外研究现状,对挖掘机的市场及发展前景进行了分析,并对比进口挖掘机分析了国产挖掘机的不足。建立了挖掘机工作装置运动学和动力学模型,在VB6.0环境下针对挖掘机工作装置的运动学和动力学问题编写了计算模块,给出了计算结果;利用试验与理论相结合的方法建立了挖掘机工作装置三维实体模型,并在ADAMAS中进行了仿真,其结果与计算结果相吻合。建立了挖掘机工作装置的力学模型,分析了各限制因素对整机作业性能的影响情况。在对液压挖掘机工作装置运动学和力学分析的基础上,开发了工作装置作业性能可视化软件,实现了挖掘图谱的程序化绘制。挖掘图谱是评价挖掘机工作装置设计合理性的重要手段之一,它能够综合反映出斗齿尖挖掘力、液压泵的功率利用率以及三组液压缸的匹配情况。对挖掘机特殊作业姿态下的整机挖掘力与工作液压缸压力进行了同步测试,根据测试结果对分析软件进行了修正,并验证了整机挖掘力数学模型的准确性和软件分析的可靠性。以特定区域作业性能为优化目标,工作装置的运动性能和力学性能为约束条件建立了优化设计数学模型,采用遗传算法对SWE85型反铲液压挖掘机工作装置进行了优化,修正了原设计的缺陷,提高了整机作业性能。本文对液压挖掘机工作装置优化和作业性能分析关键技术的研究,发展了液压挖掘机的设计和优化理论,对提高液压挖掘机的设计水平有着重要的应用价值和指导意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 As one of the most important earthworking construction machinery and equipment, hydraulic excavator is commonly used in house building, urban construction, pipeline laying, garden planting, mining exploration, national defense construction, agricultural irrigation and other infrastructure. The working performance of the backhoe working device is the most important symbol of the machine. Combining the national 863 project and the key scientific research program from enterprise, the aim of the thesis is researching on working performance analysis and integrative optimization of kinematics and dynamics. A general program is written under the Visual Basic 6.0 programming environment, which is used for working performance analysis and integrative optimization. The main research work as follows:The development of hydraulic excavator and research on working mechanism of excavator are surveyed. The market and perspective of hydraulic excavator are analyzed. The defects of homemade excavator is analyzed compared with inward ones.Full kinematic and dynamic models of the excavator working mechanism are derived, then a calculational module based on kinematics and dynamics is programmed to give results of kinematic and dynamic parameters. The three dimensions solid model for working mechanism is derived exactly by combining experiment with theoretical research. Based on the solid model, kinematic and dynamic simulations are also presented in ADAMAS. Both the simulation result and programmed calculation are consistent.Mechanical model of the excavator working mechanism is derived and limiting factors, which can affect working performance of excavator are analyzed. A visualized working performance analysis software is programmed to draw the working performance map. The working performance map is one of the most important methods that assess the design rationality of excavator attachment. The working performance data points figure, which can reflect the digging force on the teeth of bucket,power utilization of hydraulic pump and three hydraulic cylinders’ matching and so on.Under special working attitudes, the tool forces and cylinders’ pressure are tested synchronously. The analysis software is modified based on test results. The veracity of the tool forces model and reliability of the analysis software are validated at the same time.The optimum design model is established, which chooses the working performance in particular areas as the optimizing goal and uses the movement performance and mechanical properties to build up the constraint conditions. Given the genetic algorithm to optimize the working mechanism of the SWE 85 hydraulic excavator, the results show that the defects of the original design are avoided and the excavating performance is improved.Researching on working mechanism optimization and working performance analysis in this thesis developed design and optimization theory of hydraulic excavator, which is of great value and significance for improving excavator working mechanism.更多还原