【作者】 纪祥龙；

【导师】 刘勇；

【作者基本信息】 山东农业大学 ， 农业昆虫与害虫防治， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 本文主要研究了施用麦蚜诱导信号化合物和物种多样性对麦田主要害虫—麦长管蚜Macrosiphum avenae及其优势天敌的生态效应。主要研究结果如下:1麦蚜诱导信号化合物对麦长管蚜及其主要天敌种群的影响通过2006年和2008年在田间使用麦蚜诱导信号化合物——水杨酸甲酯和6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮,明确了这2种信号化合物对麦长管蚜及其主要天敌—异色瓢虫Harmonia axyridis和燕麦蚜茧蜂Aphidius avenae种群的影响。结果表明,与对照区相比,麦蚜诱导信号化合物的处理虽然没有明显改变麦长管蚜的田间种群变动趋势,但显著降低了麦长管蚜的种群数量。在麦蚜诱导信号化合物处理区,燕麦蚜茧蜂、异色瓢虫等优势天敌的种群数量和僵蚜率都有所增加。因此,田间使用麦蚜诱导信号化合物对控制麦长管蚜的危害具有重要作用。2小麦间作大蒜或油菜对麦长管蚜及其主要天敌种群的影响通过2007年和2008在麦田中间作大蒜和油菜,研究了这2种间作作物对麦长管蚜及其主要天敌种群的影响。结果表明,在调查期内,麦-油(油菜)间作区和麦-蒜(大蒜)间作区中麦长管蚜的种群密度多显著低于单作田;麦-油间作区中异色瓢虫平均数量显著高于其它两类处理区。整个调查期间,麦-油间作区中僵蚜率显著高于单作区。僵蚜率平均数量的排列顺序为:麦-油间作区>麦-蒜间作区>单作区。表明麦-油间作和麦-蒜间作均能对麦田中麦长管蚜起到较好的控制作用。3不同抗性小麦品种和间作方式对麦长管蚜及其主要天敌的生态效应采用对麦长管蚜有不同抗性的3个冬小麦品种:KOK(高抗),JP1(中抗),红芒红(低感),研究了不同抗性小麦品种与不同间作方式对麦长管蚜及其自然天敌的影响。结果表明,不同抗性小麦品种没有改变小麦间作大蒜或油菜对麦长管蚜及其主要天敌种群变动趋势的影响。不同抗性小麦品种间红芒红上麦长管蚜、异色瓢虫和燕麦蚜茧蜂平均数量都是最高。不同间作方式间麦-油间作区中异色瓢虫平均数量显著高于其他两类处理区。相对于单作区,麦-蒜间作和麦-油间作都降低了麦长管蚜的平均数量。KOK或JP1间作油菜是田间应用较好的方式。4麦田间作油菜与施用水杨酸甲酯对麦长管蚜及其主要天敌种群的影响通过在麦田中间作油菜、施用水杨酸甲酯以及间作油菜与施用水杨酸甲酯共同作用,研究了这3种处理方式对麦长管蚜及其主要天敌种群动态的影响。结果表明,水杨酸甲酯处理的麦-油间作区的麦长管蚜的数量在4月25日至5月13日显著低于麦-油间作区,从4月25至5月1日显著高于水杨酸甲酯处理区,5月7—13日极显著低于水杨酸甲酯处理区。相对于麦-油间作区和水杨酸甲酯处理区,麦-油间作与水杨酸甲酯处理共同作用能显著增加异色瓢虫的种群数量。在整个调查期间,燕麦蚜茧蜂的日均发生量在水杨酸甲酯处理的麦-油间作区与麦-油间作区间无显著差异。在5月7—16日,水杨酸甲酯处理的麦-油间作区的僵蚜率显著高于麦-油间作区和水杨酸甲酯处理区。因此,相对于小麦间作油菜或施用水杨酸甲酯,两者共同作用对麦田中麦长管蚜能起到更好的控制作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper investigated the ecological effects of volatile semiochemicals induced by wheat aphid feeding and species diversity on Macrosiphum avenae and its natural enemies. The main results are as follows:1. Effects of volatile semiochemicals induced by wheat aphid feeding on population of M. avenae and its main natural enemiesTwo kinds of volatile semiochemicals, methyl salicylate and sulcatone were field-tested for the effects on the population of M. avenae and its natural enemies Harmonia axyridis and Aphidius avenae in winter wheat fields in 2006 and 2008. The trends of population dynamics of M. avenae in the volatile semiochemicals treated blocks were as the same as these in the control blocks, but the number of M. avenae was reduced significantly in volatile semiochemicals treated blocks. Mummy rate and the number of H. axyridis and A. avenae were increased in the volatile semiochemicals treated blocks. Above all, volatile semiochemicals had significantly efficiency to control M. avenae in winter wheat fields.2. Effects of wheat-oilseed rape or wheat-garlic intercropping on population of M. avenae and its main natural enemiesIn the study, we intercropped garlic and oilseed rape into wheat in 2007 and 2008 to examine ecological effects of this intercropping system on the population of M. avenae and its main natural enemies. The results showed that the densities of M. avenae were almost significantly lower in wheat-oilseed rape intercropping blocks and wheat-garlic intercropping blocks than wheat monocultures. Mean number of H. axyridis in wheat-oilseed rape intercropping blocks was higher than the other two blocks. The mummy rate in wheat-oilseed rape intercropping blocks was always higher than wheat monocultures. The order of mean number of mummy rate was: wheat-oilseed rape intercropping blocks > wheat-garlic intercropping blocks > wheat monocultures. It was suggested that wheat-oilseed rape or wheat-garlic intercropping could reduce the population densities of M. avenae in agroecosystem.3. Ecological effects of different resistant wheat cultivars and intercropping patterns on M. avenae and its main natural enemies in wheat fieldsThe effects of different resistant wheat cultivars and different intercropping patterns on the densities of M. avenae and its natural enemies were evaluated. Three winter wheat cultivars with different resistant levels to M. avenae were used:‘KOK’(high resistance),‘JP1’(middle resistance) and‘Hongmanghong’(susceptible). The results showed that different resistant wheat cultivars did not change the the trends of population dynamics of M. avenae and its natural enemies caused by intercropping of wheat and oilseed rape or garlic. The mean numbers of M. avenae, Harmonia axyridis and Aphidius avenae on wheat cultivar‘Hongmanghong’were all highest. The mean number of H. axyridis in wheat-oilseed rape intercropping blocks was significantly higher than the other two blocks. Comparing with wheat monoculture blocks, wheat-garlic or wheat-oilseed rape intercropping could reduce the mean number of M. avenae. Wheat cultivar‘KOK’or‘JP1’intercropping with oilseed rape was a better mode.4. Effects of wheat-oilseed rape intercropping and the application of methyl salicylate on population of M. avenae and its main natural enemiesIn the study, we intercropped oilseed rape and applied methyl salicylate into wheat to examine ecological effects on the population dynamics of M. avenae and its main natural enemies. The results showed that the number of M. avenae apterae was significantly lower in the methyl salicylate treated wheat-oilseed rape intercropping blocks than wheat-oilseed rape intercropping blocks from April 25 to May 13, significantly higher from April 25 to May 1 and lower from May 1 to 13 than methyl salicylate treated blocks. The population number of H. axyridis in the methyl salicylate treated wheat-oilseed rape intercropping blocks was higher significantly than wheat-oilseed rape intercropping blocks and methyl salicylate treated blocks. No significant change was observed in the population number of A.avenae between the methyl salicylate treated wheat-oilseed rape intercropping blocks and wheat-oilseed rape intercropping blocks all the time. The mummy rate in the methyl salicylate treated wheat-oilseed rape intercropping blocks was significantly higher than wheat-oilseed rape intercropping blocks and methyl salicylate treated blocks from May 7 to 16. It was suggested that combined effects are better than single effects of wheat-oilseed rape intercropping or application of methyl salicylate.更多还原