【作者】 应晔；

【导师】 张景和；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 机械制造及其自动化， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 在设计精密导轨时,通常会选择钢材料来制造导轨。钢材料具有强度大,硬度高的优点,但它也存在加工周期长,成本高等缺点,特别是热处理后的残余内应力会使导轨发生微变形,从而影响导轨精度。本文以精密液体静压导轨为研究对象,重点研究了花岗石材料制作静压导轨的可行性。使用有限元分析软件ANSYS,分析花岗岩材料液压导轨溜板在受外载荷时的变形量,同时与相同状态下氮化钢材料液压导轨溜板变形量进行了比较,通过对花岗石材料的结构尺寸优化,使得花岗石溜板的变形量达到了使用要求。最后通过试验研究,检验了导轨的直线度、刚度,并与氮化钢液压导轨进行对比,达到良好效果,各项性能指标均满足要求。首先,确定了精密导轨的总体结构形式;论述了液体静压支承系统中有关平面支承单元的理论;分析不同设计参数λ0对于对置双向支承油垫承载能力和刚度的影响;对小孔节流式矩形平面油垫的结构尺寸进行了设计。其次,使用有限元分析软件ANSYS,分析花岗岩液压导轨溜板在受外载荷时的变形量,同时与相同状态下氮化钢液压导轨溜板变形量进行了比较,定性地分析溜板变形对导轨承载能力和刚度的影响。然后,制定优化方案,通过改变花岗岩材料液压导轨溜板的结构尺寸,使其变形量满足设计要求。使用电感测微仪测量经过结构优化的花岗岩材料液压导轨溜板变形量,验证了有限元计算结果正确。最后,对花岗岩材料液压导轨展开试验研究。测量导轨水平方向和竖直方向直线度以及导轨油膜刚度,并与氮化钢液压导轨进行对比。本论文完成了导轨的结构设计、分析、精度测量全部过程,设计的花岗岩材料液体静压导轨的各项性能指标均满足使用要求,此导轨的成功研制为相关领域的类似设计提供了借鉴和参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the design of precision guide, steel is usually selected as the material because of its high stiffness and hardness. But steel has long production cycle and high cost, and micro-deforming induced by residual stress after heat-treating could impact the precision of guide.In this paper, hydrostatic guide is studied,and the key point of paper is to research feasibility of granite to design and machine precision guide. Using the finite element software Ansys, the deforming of granite hydrostatic guide slide carriage under external loads is analyzed and compared with it of nitriding steel hydrostatic guide slide carriage under similar situation. Through optimization method, the deforming values of slide carriage can satisfy the design request. By experiments and compared with nitriding steel hydrostatic guide, the straightness and stiffness of guide are measured, and it has good results and satisfy the performance requests.Firstly, the gross structure of precision guide is determined. The flat bearing theory of hydrostatic is introduced and the influence of different parameterλ0 on bearing capacity and stiffness of bearing oil pad are analyzed. From the analysis orifice flow-restriction rectangular plane oil pad is designed.Secondly, using the finite element software Ansys, the deforming of granite hydrostatic guide slide carriage under external loads is analyzed and compared with it of nitriding steel hydrostatic guide slide carriage under similar situation. And the influence of slide carriage deformation on the bearing capacity and stiffness of guide is qualitatively analyzd.Thirdly, optimization scheme is determined. Through changing the structure size of granite hydrostatic guide slide carriage, the deforming values of slide carriage can satisfy the design request. For the optimized granite hydrostatic guide, the deformation of slide carriage is measured by induction amesdial and the result is accordant with simulation of FEM.Finally, the experiments of granite hydrostatic guide are finished. Compared with nitriding steel hydrostatic guide, straightness in both horizontal and vertical directions is measured, also the stiffness of granite hydrostatic guide is measured. The design, structure analysis and precision measurement of guide are completed in this paper. The performance parameters of designed granite hydrostatic guide satisfy the operating requirements. The development of granite hydrostatic guide is useful to the design in the correlation fields.更多还原