【作者】 韩春苗；

【导师】 孟令辉；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 高分子化学与物理， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 生物柴油是一种新型的可再生能源,作为石化能源的最佳替代品,近年来受到人们的高度关注与期待。本文采用超临界酯交换法,以煎炸废油(废大豆油和废色拉油)和甲醇为原料制备了生物柴油,并以酯交换反应过程中的甘油产率为评价指标,利用单因素实验和正交实验,研究了醇油体积比、反应温度、反应时间等因素对酯交换反应转化率的影响,进而确定了酯交换反应的最佳条件分别为废大豆油体系:330℃、醇油体积比25:5、反应15min;废色拉油体系:350℃、醇油体积比25:5、反应15min。利用不同温度下酯交换反应的转化率随时间的变化曲线,对废色拉油酯交换反应的动力学进行了初步探讨,并最终建立酯交换反应的动力学模型。计算结果反应级数为2,活化能52.46kJ/mol。对酯交换反应制备出的产物进行了气质联用和红外光谱表征,分析了其主要成分,证实酯交换反应的产物主要成分是C12到C24的甲酯,含量最多的是软脂酸甲酯和亚油酸甲酯。对实验室制备的废色拉油生物柴油样品的部分燃料性能进行了测试,结果表明该生物柴油样品的体积热值与0#柴油相当,40℃运动粘度是6.38 mm2/s ,密度0.899g/ml ,比0#柴油燃烧得更完全,不冒黑烟,酸值0.51mgKOH/g油脂,总甘油含量为0.21wt%,铜片腐蚀等级为1级,凝点0℃左右。更多还原

【Abstract】 Biodiesel is a new kind of renewable energy resources. It is exploited recently and researched zealously by researchers both at home and abroad as the best candidate for diesel fuels.In this paper, biodiesel was prepared from fried oil (fried bean oil and fried salad oil) and methanol with supercritical transesterification reaction. The effects of the volume ratio of methanol to oil, reaction temperature and reaction time to the yield of glycerol during the transesterification reaction were investigated using simple factor experiment and orthogonal test. And then the optimal conditions for the transesterification reaction were obtained, which were 330℃, volume ratio of methanol to oil 25:5, 15min for the fried bean oil system and 350℃, volume ratio of methanol to oil 25:5, 15min for the fried salad oil system.The kinetics of transesterification with fried salad oil was investigated by analyzing the relationship between percent conversion of transesterification and reaction time, and the kinetic model was established finally. The results showed that reaction order was 2, activation energy was 52.46kJ/mol.The product of the transesterification reaction was detected by GC-MS and FTIR. The results showed that the constituents in the product were methyl ester with 12 carbon atoms to 24 carbon atoms, and the main constituents were methyl hexadecanoate and methyl linoleate.Some fuel performances of the biodiesel sample prepared from fried salad oil were test. The results showed that the volume heat value of this biodiesel sample was equivalent to that of 0# diesel oil, the kinematic viscosity of this sample was 6.38 mm2/s, density 0.899g/ml, higher completeness of combustion, acid value 0.51mgKOH per gram oil, total glycerol content 0.21wt%, sheet copper corrosion grade 1, and solidifying point at about 0℃.更多还原