【作者】 黄云燕；

【导师】 康玲； 姜铁兵；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 水文学及水资源， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 水利工程的建设具有防洪、发电、灌溉、航运、供水等综合效益,对经济发展和社会进步起到巨大的推动作用,在通过调蓄洪水,抵御洪涝灾害对生态系统的冲击干扰,改善干旱与半干旱地区状况等方面也发挥有积极作用。同时,水利工程的建设也带来了许多负面影响。如引水式电站,为能尽量多引水发电,导致坝下游出现减水河段,甚至脱水河段,使坝下游水生生物的生存环境遭受极大破坏;由于水库对下泄流量的调节作用,改变了河流的自然丰枯变化,使河流均一化,影响水生生物的生长与繁殖;水库蓄水对上游支流的顶托作用以及水库对下泄流量的调节作用,都可能引起库区及水库下游局部河段出现水体富营养化。这些问题不容忽视,要减轻水利工程的建设对生态的影响,应采取各种行之有效的方法,包括对不合理的水库调度方式进行调整,或在新建的水利枢纽中考虑生态工程措施等。对于已经修建的水库,合理的水库调度方式可以弥补或减缓其对生态环境的不利影响。本论文对水库的生态调度方式进行了研究,主要内容为:(1)收集国内外相关文献资料,掌握该领域研究进展状况,总结水库生态调度的概念。(2)阐述水库调度的基本概念、优化算法及运行准则,选择适合生态调度的方法与模型。(3)综合国外研究的概况,结合国内实际情况,归纳并总结了水库生态调度的原则、方法及一些工程措施。(4)针对水库生态调度方法中的河流生态需水量调度及模拟生态洪水调度,建立常规生态调度模型和优化生态调度模型。(5)将上述模型与方法在丹江口水库上进行实例研究,调度时按丹江口大坝的初期规模和最终规模分别研究。更多还原

【Abstract】 The construction of water conservancy projects has all-around benefit including flood control, generating electricity, irrigation, shipping, water supply, and promotes the development of Economy and Society. It also plays a positive role in flood diversion and storage, resisting the impact of ecosystem from flood-waterlogging disaster, and improving the arid and semi-arid regions the situation.At the same time, the construction of water conservancy projects has also brought negative effects. In order to maximize water for generation, diversion power station causes water reduced and dehydrated river segments, which destructing the survival environment of aquatic organisms. Reservoir operation changes the natural hydrological regimes of rivers, which effecting the growth and reproduction of aquatic organisms. Due to the top support action from reservoir storage and the effect caused by regulation, water entrophication may apprears at reservoir area and segments of downstream.We can’t ignore these problems. In order to reduce the impact of ecological from the construction of water conservancy projects, we should take effective methods, including change the reservoir regulation mode, set up ecological projects in new engineerings, and so on. The reasonable reservoir operation mode for the builted reservoir can reduce the adverse effects to the ecological environment. This paper studies on the reservoir ecological operation, main work was done as below:(1) Collect reasonabley related literature material at home and abroad, master the research progress and give the definition of ecological operation.(2) Describe the concept of reservoir operation, optimization algorithm and operation regulation, and select the reasonable methods and model for ecological operation.(3) Overview the studies carried out abroad, and consider the actural situation at home, and draw and sum up the reservoir ecological operation principles, methods and engineering measures.(4) Establish the conventional and optimization ecological operation model of reser- voirs for river ecological water demand and ecological flood simulation operation.(5) Apply the models and methods above to Danjiangkou Reservoir in Hanjiang basin, scheduling on the scale of the initial and final size of the Dam.更多还原