【作者】 明道轩；

【导师】 何漓江；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 道路与铁道工程， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 随着经济增长和城市化进程的加快,交通拥堵日益成为制约我国城市发展的一大问题。作为解决交通拥堵问题的一种手段,征收拥挤收费引起了一些学者的关注和讨论。但是目前已有文献对于交通拥挤收费的研究主要限于对独立概念的阐述,或者关注于交通需求是否弹性或者车型识别问题,对于如何实施收费以及收费费率如何确定等核心问题缺乏讨论。因此本文主要结合收费费率如何确定的问题,就收费区域的大小进行研究,此外还对拥挤收费可行性进行了探讨,对拥挤收费的实施具有参考意义。在国内外理论研究的基础上,本文采用理论分析、技术比较等研究方法,分别从概念、原理、方法等方面对拥挤收费模型进行了系统而深入的研究,具体如下:阐述了交通拥挤的概念及判定依据,讨论了拥挤收费在经济学上的理论出发点,依照城市土地资源的稀缺特性以及开发引起的利润追逐特点,论证了拥挤收费的有效性,并按照双层规划优化理论建立数学模型。论文的重点是研究基于动态流量分配的模型及算法。模型中主要考虑拥挤收费的两个核心问题:1)收费范围的确定,包括确定收费区域的大小以及收费站点的位置;2)收费费率的确定,主要研究动态收费的取法。论文最后依托北京市快速骨干路网进行了例证模拟,利用MATLAB软件平台编写了计算程序。虽然由于条件限制,数据量不足,但结论仍然具有参考价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the growth of economic and the acceleration in the process of urbanization, traffic jams are becoming big problems that restrict the development of china’s cities. As one of means to solve the problem, congestion pricing has aroused concern and discussion between scholars. Limited to describe alone concept, or the problem of how to identify kinds of vehicles or whether traffic demand being flexible, however, the study on congestion pricing in exiting literature shortfalls in core issues, such as how to implement congestion pricing, and how to determine the range of regional for congestion pricing. On the base of discussion to the toll rate, the main goal of this thesis is studying how to determine the range of regional for traffic pricing, at the same time, the thesis also discuss the feasibility study about congestion pricing. This work will be help in implementing the strategy.According to investigation of the domestic and foreign commonly-used theory, this thesis systemically researches the models of congestion pricing in concept, principle and method by theoretical analysis and technological comparing research. The main aspects are as follows:The concept and estimation basis of traffic congestion are formulated; the principles of economics used in congestion pricing are formulated; because land resources are becoming scarce, congestion pricing is demonstrated to be effective; at last, a mathematical model is founded on basis of optimization theory of bi-level programming.Researching the model and solving algorithm based on traffic flow dynamic distribution is the focus of this thesis. Two core issues of congestion pricing will be considered in the model:1) How to determine the range of regional for congestion pricing. It means a clear size of the regional and concrete position of the tollgate will be in question.2) How to determine the toll rate. It is mainly in quest of an algorithm for dynamic pricing.At last, an example root from Beijing city’s expressway network is used to simulate the mathematical model, and a program that make use of MATLAB to compute the model is compiled. Because lack of conditions, the data isn’t sufficient, however, the conclusion is still available.更多还原