【作者】 李潇；

【导师】 王平江；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 机械电子工程， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 激光切割技术是激光加工行业中最重要的应用技术之一,也是激光加工中应用最早、使用最多的加工方法。与其他切割加工方法相比,其具有高速、高精度和高适应性的特点,已广泛应用于制造业及科学研究等诸多领域,并具有巨大的市场前景。本文针对激光切割加工中的数控编程方法及其应用问题,对大幅面激光振镜切割相关理论和关键技术进行了系统研究与实践。针对激光切割加工中工作台及振镜系统的特点,本文研究了大幅面工件激光切割机的整体结构,同时针对大幅面Gerber文件中的加工信息的特点,研究了加工信息的结构和处理步骤,既增加了加工的范围同时又保证了激光快速、高精加工的特点。在对激光切割软件需求和功能模块分析的基础上,研究了基于振镜的激光切割软件的体系结构。对加工轨迹的分割技术进行研究,提出了栅格的设计方法,实现了加工轨迹的快速分割,同时采用线段离散方法改善了振镜加工时的畸变。针对实体边缘轮廓的提取,本文提出了基于有序边缘点处理的两阶段边缘轮廓精确提取方法,通过确定边缘点与实体的关系获取图形的有序边缘初始轮廓,然后对初始轮廓进行求交得到精确轮廓,从而得到激光加工运动轨迹。为解决激光切割加工抬刀过多的问题,本文对运动轨迹优化进行研究,提出了一种次优搜索方法,由基准点开始搜索运动轨迹链表中的最近端点,同时考虑此端点加工次数及轮廓位置关系,实现了运动轨迹优化及相关工艺要求,提高了激光切割效率。基于以上研究成果,开发了一个激光切割机大幅面振镜切割软件原形系统,验证了相应研究内容,同时在实际中得到了很好的应用。更多还原

【Abstract】 The laser cutting technique plays an important role in laser cutting industry, which is the earliest and widely used. Comparing with other cutting ways, the laser cutting method has higher accuracy and speed features which make it widely used in the manufacturing industry and research, and has the extensive development prospect. To promote NC programming theory and its applications, several key technologies for laser cutting are systematically studied and implemented in this thesis.According to the features of workbench and galvanometer in the Laser cutting machining, the paper discusses the integrated structure of laser machine for the large area. And with the features of large area Gerber file, the structure and the processing steps of the information have also been discussed. The proposed method not only enlarges the processing area, but also insures the high speed and accuracy in the cutting processes.Based on the analysis of software demand and the function module of laser cutting, the architecture of the software for laser cutting using galvanometer is studied. A design method of grid is presented by studying the technique of toolpath cutting. The proposed method improves the dividing efficiency. A method of discreting lines is also implemented to reduce the distortion of galvanometer.For the extraction of the object boundary profile, a novel two-stage extracting method of boundary edge based on sequence points is proposed. The initial outlines are firstly obtained by the relationship of object and its sequence points. And then precise profile which is the toolpath of laser cutting is achieved through the intersection of the initial edge. To reduce retract motion, a suboptimal search algorithm is proposed to complete toolpath optimization. In the method, the nearest end point from base one is searched in the toolpath list in company with considering the cutting times and the relationship of boundary edges by connecting the two points. The optimized toolpath improves the laser cutting efficiency.At last, on the basis of above mentioned research work and achievements, a laser cutting NC automatic programming prototype system is developed, the experimental NC machining results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed methods.更多还原