【作者】 徐希乐（SUH SARAH）；

【导师】 田孟清；

【作者基本信息】 中南民族大学 ， 中国少数民族经济， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 中韩两国是近邻,随着两国政治关系的改善,特别是1992年两国建立外交关系以后,经过双方十多年的共同努力,中韩关系得以全面发展,尤其是经贸往来的发展更为迅猛。目前,韩国已成为中国最主要的经贸伙伴之一。按中国的国家统计,韩国是中国的第4大贸易伙伴,也是中国的第4大投资国。首先,这个论文是论韩国向中国直接投资前分析的直接投资的概念和理论。先察看了各个学者对直接投资的一些理论。分析了垄断理论、内部化理论、国际生产折衷理论、区位理论、产品生命周期理论、小岛清—动态比较优势理论。其次,为了察看中韩直接投资的现状,首先察看了韩国从1995年至2007年的海外直接投资现状。韩国的海外直接投资随时期变动的幅度比较大:如1988-1991年期间出现了急剧增长之后,1992-1993年期间增加的趋势钝化了很多,随之在1994年开始又重新出现了大幅度的急增。到了1997年的金融危机时期出现了有些减少的趋势。然而进入了2000年之后又开始缓慢增加,海外投资依靠大企业慢慢成为主导。在韩国初期的海外投资中对中国的投资虽然是小规模,但是自从1978年开始,1992年中韩建交之后规模在渐渐扩大。在金融危机时期重新出现了稍微减少的趋势,2000年以后回升,2002年至2006年间韩国对华出口增加了3.2倍,超过美国(2.1倍)、日本(2.2倍)、台湾(2.3倍)。2006年韩国对中国投资是4262件、38.9亿美元,相比去年分别减少了30.3%,24.6%。到2006年韩国成为中国的第四大投资国。韩国在华的直接投资虽起步比较晚,但有着急增的特征。从各个区域分别来看,20世纪90年代中期引接的有天津,华东地区和东北三省等集中在环渤流域,1997年以后是上海的沿海工业地区和华南地区的投资有所增加等投资区域出现了多变的情景,但是还很低。对中国的投资从韩国的各个区域分别来看首都圈地区和岭南圈(大邱,庆北,釜山,庆南,蔚山等)地区是主导。从产业角度来看,韩国对华的投资集中在制造业。在制造业的纤维和服装,金属材料,皮具等劳动密集型产业的投资比重很高。从企业规模来看,1990年主要以大企业为中心,在2000年以后中小企业的比重也在增加。从投资数量来看,中小企业所占的比重大,从投资金额来看大企业的比重更大一些。从韩国企业对华直接投资也开始出现了一些问题,韩国的投资规模跟欧美国家相比要少,到目前为止很多都集中在劳动密集型产业,缺少本地化战略,投资范围也只偏向东北三省和山东半岛。最近随着中国西部大开发产业的兴起延伸到上海,深圳等南方地区和中西部地区,试图从劳动密集型产业转为技术密集型产业,可是发展的速度还是不可观。关于这个问题在本论文里面提出了几点对策。第一,在投资前需要对投资地区做透彻的调查和准备,从区域、产业、发展史和文化形态等多种角度考虑。第二,从劳动密集型制造业转向银行行业、窗口行业等多种行业。第三,在当地招代理人筹措原材料进行本地化。最后,从长远考虑投资问题。随着中国入世和西部大开发战略的实施,以及2008年奥林匹克运动会的举办,未来10年中国经济将持续稳定地增长,预计增长率将持续保持在7%以上。鉴于中国市场的巨大魅力,近来韩国政府、大企业集团、驻华机构等正在研究对中国的投资战略,本文拟在这方面进行一些初步探讨。更多还原

【Abstract】 China and Korea are neighboring countries. With the improving of the political relationship between the two countries, especially after the foundation of the diplomatic relationship in 1992, the relationship between the two countries has been well developed, and economy and trade has increased dramatically. Nowadays, Korea is one of China’s most important trade and economic partners. According to statistics, Korea ranks the 4th in trade and economic partners of China and also China’s No.4 investing country.Firstly, the thesis elaborates the definition and theory of Korea’s FDI in China. Some basic theories by some scholars are introduced: monopolization theory, interiority theory, international production eclect paradigm, location theory, life cycle theory, and Dynamic Comparative Advantage Theory.Secondly, in order to inspect the present stage of Korea’s FDI to China, the thesis states the stages of Korea’s FDI from 1995 to 2007. It changed dramatically in different stages, for example, it increased sharply from 1988 to 1991, then the trend slowed down from 1992 to 1993, after that the sharp increase recurred. The financial crisis in 1997 slowed the step of Korea’s FDI. However, it increased gradually after 2000, and frome then on big enterprises began to play the dominant role in Korea’FDI to China.Though Korea’s FDI to China is small-scaled, it has been growing since the founding of Sino-Korea Diplomatic Relations in 1992. During the financial crisis, the step of Korea’s FDI slowed down, and it increased gradually after 2000. From 2002 to 2006 Korea’s export to China increased 4.2 times, surpassed U.S. by 3.1 times, Japan by 3.2 times, Taiwan by 3.3 times. In 2006, Korea’s FDI to China rose to 4,262 cases, and its total value is as high as 3.89 billion dollars, decreased 30.3% and 24.6% respectively compared with previous year. Korea already ranks the 4th of all the investing countries to China.Though it didn’t start as early as other countries, Korea’s FDI to China has been soaring. From a view point of the location of Korea’s FDI, in the mid-1990s, the investment mainly focused on Areas around Bohai Sea, such as Tianjin, mid-east area, and three north east provinces. Since 1997 the investment moved to the coastal industrial area in Shanghai and the Southern part of China, however, the investment volume was not as high. From a point of view of the sources of Korea’s FDI, the capital area and south area play the dominant role in FDI to China. From a point of view of industrial structure, labor-intensive industries, such as textile fabric industry, metal assembly industry, leather industry, account for the most part of Korea’s FDI to China. From a point of view of the scales of enterprises, large enterprises played the dominant role in the 1990s, and small enterprises gradually joined in after 2000. From a point of view of quantities of cases of the investment, small enterprises account for a bigger part, while from a point of view of the value of the investment, big enterprises play a dominant role.There are some problems in Korea’s FDI to China. Compared with Europe’s and America’s investment to China, the scale of Korea’s investment is not as big. Up till now, a large part of investment focuses on labor-intensive industries. Localization strategy is not well implemented and most of the investment goes to northeast provinces and Shandong peninsula. With the implementation of Strategies to Develop West China, Korea tried to extend its investment to Shanghai, Shenzhen and other parts of southern, middle and western part of China, at the same time, Korea tried to shift its investment from labor-intensive industries to technology-intensive industries, but the effort has not had any expected effect.The thesis states several solutions to the problems above: firstly, detailed research and preparation in the aspects of location, industry, development and cultural mode is essential before the investment. Secondly, Korea’s FDI to China should shift from labor-intensive industries to banking and other service industry. Thirdly, Korean enterprise which invested in China should recruit local agencies and localize the production of material. Fourthly, Korea should view the investment from the long term.With the implementation of China’s joining the WTO and Strategies to Develop West China and the hosting of Olympic Games, China’s economy will go up steadily and substantially, and it’s expected to maintain the increase rate of 7% or above. Being attracted by the potential of China’s market, Korean government, big enterprise groups and embassies in China are studying the investment strategies in China. This thesis is going to elaborate on this topic.更多还原