【作者】 南海博；

【导师】 顾力强； 黄之涛；

【作者基本信息】 上海交通大学 ， 机械工程， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 大型造船门式起重机作为船坞区分段合拢必不可少的起重设备,近几年有着向超大跨度、超大起重量方向发展的趋势。设计中如何有效减轻自重,对整机造价的节省显得尤为重要。设计中我们采取了有限元分析的方法对整机结构进行优化,取得了初步的成效,同时对已完工的起重机进行应力测试,并将测试结果与有限元计算结果进行比较,验证所建模型的准确性,并对以后的分析提出改进建议。最后在满足整机强度与刚度要求的前提下,对主梁结构进行了优化。本文首先简要介绍了CAE的应用状况与发展趋势,阐述了有限元法的理论基础以及有限元分析软件ANSYS,然后利用ANSYS软件对江南长兴800t×201m造船门式起重机的整体结构进行了典型工况的静力学有限元仿真分析,并且对该起重机进行了实际的静态电测试验。从理论分析和实际测量两个方面全面评价了江南长兴800t×201m造船门式起重机的刚度与强度。通过理论分析数据与实际测量数据的对比,验证了该起重机有限元模型的准确性。论文详细叙述了800t×201m造船门式起重机的整体结构有限元模型的建立及优化过程。对自重状态、工作状态以及非工作状态进行了整机结构静力分析。并且应用电阻应变片测量技术,对起重机静态工况进行了应力测试。理论分析以及实际的电阻应变片测试获得的数据显示:800t×201m造船门式起重机整体结构强度与刚度满足要求,局部可进行优化。理论分析的应力数据与实际测量数据的对比结果表明,两者具有较高的一致性,本文建立的该起重机整体结构有限元模型是基本准确的,其分析结果是真实可信的,该模型可以作为对本台门式起重机整体结构进行各种力学特性分析研究的基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 The large-scale shipbuilding gantry crane, which is essential for hull segment gathering together, is developed more large span and greater rising weight in the past few years. Reducing structure weight is specially important to reduce the cost of the crane. Finite element method was adopt to analyze the whole structure, and then, the stress distribution on the crane was tested using strain electric method and compared to the finite element method ’s calculation result, the accuracy of the model was verified. Finally, the main beam structure was optimized under the condition of strength and stability restriction.On the basis of reviewing and summarizing the recent application and development of this subject, the lightweight design study of large-scale shipbuilding gantry crane. The research in the following aspects has been carried out:In Chapter III and IV, the analysis of whole gantry crane structure using ANSYS software was considered. The geometry and finite element model were founded and 18 calculation cases were considered including working situation and non-working situation.In Chapter V, the strain detection of whole gantry crane structure using resistance method was presented. Total 57 points at 6 sections were tested. The results were then compared to the analytical results .In Chapter VI, the optimization of the main beam structure using ANSYS OPT module was considered. The total main beam weight decreased 3.58% under the condition of strength and stability restriction. The comparison between analytical results using finite element method and detecting results using resistance method indicated that the analytical results are very closed to the detecting results. It proved the numerical model established in this thesis are exact and the analytical results are creditable.更多还原