【作者】 刘庆；

【导师】 杜斌；

【作者基本信息】 济南大学 ， 环境工程， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 随着电镀、制革、防腐和染料等工业的发展,人们向自然界排放的金属废弃物越来越多,特别是工业生产过程中产生的含铬、砷、镍、汞、镉、铅等重金属离子的废水造成了严重的环境污染。含重金属离子的废水对人体和环境造成的危害越来越严重,有效去除废水中重金属离子成为当前十分迫切的任务。而类水滑石化合物作为一种功能材料,其层板阳离子和层间阴离子具有可调控性,一定条件下可将多种金属阳离子及阴离子引入其结构中,并且可以通过在线合成类水滑石化合物消除第一类重金属离子造成的污染,同时得到类水滑石化合物,实现废物资源化利用。因此,利用类水滑石化合物的这一特性来处理含重金属离子的废水,具有重要的现实意义。本文合成了多种类水滑石化合物并分别用离线和在线的方法研究了类水滑石化合物对第一类重金属离子的吸附行为。论文主要包括以下几个方面的内容:第一部分概述了重金属离子的污染现状、常用的处理方法,类水滑石化合物的研究概况、结构组成、一般性能以及合成和表征方法,利用类水滑石化合物处理含重金属离子废水的优点和意义,以及本论文研究的内容及特点。第二部分介绍了类水滑石化合物的合成机理,以分析纯氢氧化钠、碳酸钠、硝酸镁、硝酸铝为原料,采用共沉淀法合成了镁铝类水滑石化合物,同时用红外光谱分析、X-射线衍射分析、比表面积分析以及差热-热重分析对合成的样品进行了表征。第三部分研究了焙烧后镁铝类水滑石化合物对废水中第一类重金属离子的吸附行为。配制含第一类重金属离子的模拟废水样,在一定的条件下做镁铝类水滑石化合物对模拟废水样中第一类重金属离子的静态吸附试验。在试验过程中,分别改变模拟废水样的初始浓度、pH值、吸附平衡时间、吸附温度等反应条件,探讨了影响镁铝类水滑石化合物对模拟废水样中第一类重金属离子吸附的主要因素,并对影响因素进行了分析评价。同时测定了吸附等温线,研究了吸附类型,探讨镁铝类水滑石化合物对模拟废水样中第一类重金属离子吸附的机理。第四部分研究了在线合成类水滑石化合物处理含第一类重金属离子废水的相关内容。以含第一类重金属离子废水做为处理对象,研究了在废水处理过程中利用在线合成类水滑石化合物消除污染,实现废物资源化的可行性。由于重金属离子在废水中的存在形式有两种,试验过程中分两种情况,考察了去除六种第一类重金属离子各个体系的终点pH值、配料中Mg2+/Al3+摩尔比值、反应时间以及废水中第一类重金属离子初始浓度对处理效果的影响,并且通过正交试验考察了以上各个因素对处理效果的综合影响。最后,借助X-射线衍射分析和红外光谱分析等手段,对试验过程中产生的固体样品进行了表征分析,通过类水滑石化合物的合成过程分析,研究了废水中第一类重金属离子的去除机理。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of galvanization, tannage, antisepsis and dye etc, metal waste was discharged into the nature environment more and more, especially heavy metal ions such as chromium, arsenic, nickel, hydrargyrum, cadmium and plumbum. People’s bodies and environment have been damaged badly by metal-bearing wastewater, so it has been the urgent assignment to wipe off heavy metal ions effectively. As one of the functional materials, hydrotalcite-like compounds’cationic on the laminates and anion in the interlayer have equilibrum situation, manifold metal cations and anions can be introduced in its structure. And the heavy metal ions can be removed by synthesizing hydrotalcite-like compounds online in the process of wastewater treatment, realizing the feasibility of utilization waste. So,it has important significance to process waste water containing heavy metal ions by synthesizing hydrotalcite-like compounds. In this paper, various of hydrotalcite-like compounds were synthesized and their adsorptive behavior to heavy metal ions was studied by synthesizing hydrotalcite-like compounds offline and online. The main contents of this paper were provided as follows:In the first part, the pollution actuality, common disposal measure of heavy metal and research survey, structure compose, general capability, synthesize and token measure of hydrotalcite-like compounds were summarized. Subsequently, virtue and meaning of treating wastewater containing heavy metal ions using hydrotalcite-like compounds and the characteristics of this paper were also included.And in the second part, the synthesize mechanism of hydrotalcite-like compounds was introduced. Mg/Al hydrotalcite-like compounds were synthesized using the materials of analysis pure NaOH, Na2CO3, Mg(NO3)2, Al(NO3)3. At the same time, the sample synthesized in the experiment was tokened by infrared spectrum, X-ray diffraction, specific surface area anlysise and differential thermal analysis- thermogravimetry.In the third part, the adsorptive behavior of calcined Mg2+/A13+ hydrotalcite-like compounds to the first category heavy metal ions in the waste water was studied. The adsorptive experiments of Mg2+/A13+ hydrotalcite-like compounds to the first category heavy metals were done under certain conditions. In experimental process, the reaction conditions of simulated wastewater were changed like initial concentration, pH value, adsorptive time, adsorption temperature and so on. Then, the factors which impact Mg2+/A13+ hydrotalcite-like compounds that adsorbing the first category heavy metal ions in the simulated wastewater samples were studied, and the impact factors were also analyzed and evaluated. Simultaneously, we determined the adsorption isotherm, studied the adsorption type and investigated the mechanism of Mg2+/A13+ hydrotalcite-like compounds adsorbing the first category heavy metal ions in the simulated wastewater samples.Treatment of wastewater containing heavy metal ions by synthesizing hydrotalcite-like compounds online was studied in the forth part. The wastewater containing heavy metal ions as processing object, the heavy metals ions were removed by synthesizing hydrotalcite-like compounds online in the process of wastewater treatment, realizing the feasibility of utilization waste. Due to the two existing forms of heavy metal ions in wastewater, our experiment was individed into two cases. The pH values、Mg2+/A13+ ratios、reaction time and initial concentration of metal ions in wastewater were investigated, and comprehensive influence of each factor for treatment efficiency was studued by orthogonal experiment. Finally, the samples produced in the experiment process were anlysised by infrared spectrum and X-ray diffraction. The removal mechanism of heavy metal ions was studied through analysising the synthesizing process of HTLcs.更多还原